Week 6 key terms

Question 1

What is a retina?

Answer 1

The light sensitive part of the eye

Question 2

what is the retina made up of? (2)

Answer 2

photoreceptors

Layers of neurons on the top

Question 3

What neurons is the retina made up of? (4)

Answer 3

• ganglion cells
  Horizontal
  Bipolar
  Amacrine

Question 4

What is the fovea?

Answer 4

The central potion of the retina

Question 5

what is the fovea packed of?

Answer 5

photoreceptors

Question 6

What is the lens?

Answer 6

A structure in the eye that helps focus an image on the retina

Question 7

What are the main terms for vision problems? (3)

Answer 7

The hypermetropic eye
The myopic eye
The presbyopic eye

Question 8

What is a hypermetropic eye?

Answer 8

Long sighted vision- lens does not bend enough

Question 9

what is a myopic eye?

Answer 9

short-sighted eye- lens bends too much

Question 10

what is a presbyopic eye?

Answer 10

Lens no longer flexible enough to focus clearly

Question 11

What are ohotoreceptors?

Answer 11

Retinal receptors that convert might into neural activity

Question 12

What are cones?

Answer 12

Photoreceptor’s that respond to colour and bright lights

Question 13

what are rods?

Answer 13

photoreceptors that respond to dim light and Black and white

Question 14

What are bipolar cells?

Answer 14

A retinal neuron that uas 2 different types of receptive fields that each respond differently to light

Question 15

What are the 2 receptive fields in the bipolar fell?

Answer 15

• on-centre

- off-centre

Question 16

What is an on-centre receptive field?

Answer 16

When light hits the eye, less glutamate is received exciting the cell

Question 17

What is an off-field receptive field?

Answer 17

When light id turned off, more glutamate is received exciting the cell

Question 18

What are the 2 different types of cells in the Retinal ganglia?

Answer 18

Magnocellular cells (M-cells)
Parvocellular cells (P-cells)

Question 19

What are magnocellular cells sensitive to? (3)

Where do they get info from?

Answer 19

Sensitive to light not colour

Sensitive to movement and low contrast not colour and fine detail

Question 20

where are magnocellular cells present in the eye?

Answer 20

Present throughout retina and periphery

Question 21

What are parvocellular cells sensitive to? (2)

Where do they get info from?

Answer 21

Sensitive to colour and rich detail

Get most of its information from cones

Question 22

Where are parvocellular cells present in the eye?

Answer 22

Mostly the fovea

Question 23

What is the blind spot?

Answer 23

Area in the retina where blood flow enters and exit but has no photoreceptors

Question 24

What do the fibers in the retina form?

Answer 24

optic nerves that goes to the brain

Question 25

What is the optic chiasm?

Answer 25

Where the pathways from each eye cross

Question 26

What is the geniculostriate system?

Answer 26

1 of 2 routes that information from the eye is sent to the brain

Question 27

What is the geniculostriate system made up of?

Answer 27

some M and P ganglion cells

Question 28

What is the route of the geniculostriate system?

Answer 28

Goes from retina to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus and via optic radiations to layer 4 of the primary visual cortex

Question 29

What is the primary visual cortex also known as?

Answer 29

striate cortex

Question 30

where is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 30

in the occipital lobe

Question 31

What is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 31

First stage of visual informstion processing

Question 32

What V striate is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 32

V1 striate

Question 33

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 33

Located in and around the calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe

Question 34

What does the V1 striate do? (4)

Answer 34

``` Atunes to; Position Orientation Spatial temporal frequency ```

Question 35

What does the V2 extrastriate area do?

Answer 35

The cells are tuned to spatial mapping as well as V1 properties

Question 36

What does the V3 extrastriate area do?

Answer 36

Receives input from V1 and V2 Dorsal part projects to parietal cortex Ventral part projects to inferior temporal cortex

Question 37

What does the V4 extrastraite area do?

Answer 37

Receives input from V1 and V2 Strong projects to inferior temporal cortex Attuned to simple shapes and colour

Question 38

What does the V5 straite do?

Answer 38

Receives input from V1, V2 and V3 | Plays a major role in the perception of motion

Question 39

Where is the V5 striate located?

Answer 39

Mid-temporal visual area

Question 40

What does the calcarine fissure do?

Answer 40

Seperates the first and second visual areas on each side of the brain

Question 41

What is retinotopic?

Answer 41

Area in the brain that contains a complete map of the visual field covered by the eyes

Question 42

What is the tectopulvinar system?

Answer 42

Other path from the eye to the brain

Question 43

What is the tectopulvinar system made up of?

Answer 43

Remaining M ganglion cells

Question 44

What is the route the tectopulvinar system takes?

Answer 44

Sends axons to superior colliculus where it sends connections to the pulvinar region of the thalamus Pulvinar sends info to parietal and temporal lobe

Question 45

What is the ventral pathway used for?

Answer 45

the WHAT? | Colour and form

Question 46

What is the pathway that the central pathway takes?

Answer 46

``` 1- Retinal P-cells 2- Parvocellular LGN 3- V1 4- V2 5- V4 6- inferior temporal cortex ```

Question 47

What is the dorsal pathway for?

Answer 47

The WHERE? | For space and motion

Question 48

What path does the dorsal pathway take?

Answer 48

``` 1-Retinal M-cells 2-Magnocellular LGN 3- V1 4-V2 5-V3 6-V5 7- posterior parietal cortex ```

Question 49

Where in the temporal lobe is specialised for processing vision?

Answer 49

Fusiform face ar | Parrahippocampul place area

Question 50

Where in the parietal lobe is specialised for vision processing?

Answer 50

``` Intrapareital sulcus areas (Control eye movement and visual hrasping) Parietal region (visual control of reqching) ```