Week 6 Infection Control Flashcards
1
Q
What is the chain of infection?
A
- Infectious agents
- Reservoir (people, equipment, water)
- Portal of exit (excretions, secretions, droplets)
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
2
Q
What is included in standard precautions?
A
- HH
- PPE
- Aseptic technique
- Sharps management
- Cleaning and sterilisation
- Linen management
- Waste management
- Environmental cleaning
3
Q
What is included in contact precautions?
A
- HH
- Gloves
- Gown
- Dedicated or disinfected equipment
- Single bed/cohort cubicle
4
Q
What is included in droplet precautions?
A
- HH
- Surgical mask
- Protective eyewear
- Single bed
5
Q
What is included in airborne precautions?
A
- HH
- N95
- Single, negative-pressure room
6
Q
What is included in protective isolation?
A
- HH
- Visitors with communicable diseases should not enter
- For severely immunocompromised/neutropenic
- Single bed/positive pressure room
7
Q
What is included in full precautions?
A
- HH
- Long-sleeved gown
- N95
- Eyewear
- Gloves
- Disinfected equipment
- Single bed in negative-pressure room
8
Q
How to minimise risk from IDC-related infection?
A
- Sterile equipment
- Closed drainage system
- Decontaminate collection vessels in-between px
- Do not allow spigot to touch collection vessel
- Avoid reflux of urine into drainage bag
- Remove immediately once not needed
- Daily bathing
- Lubricant to prevent trauma
- Smallest bore catheter
9
Q
Where are the risks of contamination on IV access devices?
A
- Skin organisms near puncture site
- Contamination of catheter hub
- Contamination of device prior to insertion
- Contaminated infusate
10
Q
How to minimise the risk of infection from IV access devices?
A
- Aseptic preparation
- Use maximum barrier precautions during insertion
- Disinfect the hub, connection port and maintain patency of the line
- Use sterile gauze to cover the catheter site
11
Q
How to minimise risk of infection from Ventilator-associated event?
A
- Avoid reintubation
- Periodically drain and discard any condensate in tubing
- Use sterile water for humidifiers
- Elevate head to 45 deg
- Do not change ventilation circuits too often
12
Q
What are the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) surveillance measures?
A
- Environmental audit
- HH compliance tracking
13
Q
What is the segregation for soiled linen?
A
- Normal soiled linen
~ Green bag or canvas - Grossly blood-contaminated linen
~ Orange - Linen from SARS, COVID19, Cholera, Typhoid
~ Red water soluble bag double bagged in an orange bag
14
Q
What is the SOP for cleaning up spills?
A
- Place absorbent material over fluid then throw into biohazard bag using tongs
- Apply detergent and chlorine (10,000 ppm) to affected area
- Leave for 10 mins to disinfect
- Mop affected area, starting from the outside in
