week 6 - heart failure Flashcards
Heart Failure
Also called pump failure
General term for the inability of the heart to work effectively as a pump
Diastolic failure-
inability of ventricle to relax
Systolic failure
MOST COMMON
inadequate ventricular contraction*
Most Common Causes
CAD- Myocardial Infarction
Systemic hypertension
Left-Sided Heart Failure FORMALY KNOWN AS
Formerly known as congestive heart failure
Left-Sided Heart Failure Typical Causes
Hypertension
Coronary Artery Disease
Valvular disease
Indicators of LVHF:
- Decreased tissue perfusion due to poor CO and pulmonary congestion from increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels
- Mitral or aortic valves affected
- Failure may be chronic or acute, mild to severe
Right-Sided Heart Failure TYPICAL CAUSES
- left ventricular failure
- right ventricular MI
- pulmonary hypertension
- Lung disease
Right-Sided Heart Failure
Right ventricle not able to empty completely
Increased volume and pressure in the venous system and peripheral edema
Most HF begins with
LVF and progresses to failure of both ventricles
RHF without LHF
usually due to pulmonary problems eg: COPD, pulmonary HTN
Left heart failure usually leads to
right heart failure
Heart Failure
Biventricular failure very difficult to treat
Need for increased volume or “stretch” on right while left cannot accommodate increased volumes
Fatigue may be only presenting symptom
High-Output Failure
-Less common
-Cardiac output remains normal or above normal
-Caused by increased metabolic needs of hyperkinetic conditions such as:
((Septicemia
Anemia
Hyperthyroidism))
Compensatory Mechanisms
Purpose: Maintain required Cardiac Output (CO) How does the body compensate? ((Increased heart rate Improved stroke volume Arterial vasoconstriction Sodium and water retention Myocardial hypertrophy))
- These mechanisms cause damage to the pump over time
- Manifestations of HF occur when compensation fails
