Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNH > WEEK 1 > Flashcards

WEEK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Stroke

A

(CBA –cerebral vascular attack): interruption of arterial blood to the brain, resulting indamaged brain tissue|
Cellular death occurs in 5 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 TYPES OF STROKE:

A
  1. ISCHEMIC STROKE >TIA
    2.HEMORRHAGIC STROKE- bleeding into the brain tissue itself or into the subarachnoid space or ventricles
    |>subarachnoid stroke
    |>intracerebral stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Incidence -

A

the number of new cases in a particular period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prevalence –

A

the number of new and old cases in a particular period

of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Morbidity –

A

rates of disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mortality –

A

rates of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA):

A

early warning signs of stroke A temporary focal loss of neurological function caused by ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

 Ischemic stroke: (80%)- THERE ARE TWO TYPES

A

inadequate blood flow to the brain from partial or complete occlusion of an artery.
 There are two types: thrombotic and embloic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

 Signs & Symptoms OF tia

A

depend on the blood vessel involved and the brain area that is ischemic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

 Carotid involvement:

A

may have temporary vision loss in one eye, transient hemiparesis (weakness to one side of your body), or a sudden inability to speak, numbness/ loss of sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

 Vertebrobasilar involvement may include:

A

tinnitus, vertigo, ataxia (looking drunk), darkened or blurred vision, diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, dysarthria, and unilateral/bilateral numbness or weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1/3

A

 1/3 individuals will not experince it again, 1/3 will have another TIA, the rest will experience a stroke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of TIA

A

 Diagnostic tests: Cardiac monitoring & CT
 Pharmacological: 1) Antiplatelet aggregation agents(ASA, Plavix)
2) Anticoagulant agents: Coumadin (Warfarin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute Care Goals: CVA:

A

Maintain patent airway
 Monitor for signs of neurologic deficit
 Decrease blood viscosity
 Control fluid & electrolyte balance
 Management of ICP
 Management of pain, hypovolemia, constipation, cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thrombotic stroke( ischemic)-

A

results from fatty deposits that enlarge over years in carotid and other cerebral vessels. Usually slow on their onset.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Embolic Stroke( ischemic)-

A

emboli or clot fragments break off and travel to cerebral arteries, usually originates from the heart or carotid artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE-

A

usually caused by: a ruptured aneurysm, severe hypertension, or drugs like cocaine etc..
a patient will have headache, nuchal rigidity, and possible nausea.
usually after shitting really hard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF STROKE?

A

Third leading cause of death and disability in adults
• about 15% of sufferers die
• about 30% are left with moderate-severe disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

UNMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS-

A

Age- increase risk with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Agnosia-

A

, Agnosia- Inability to recognize familiar objects, persons, smells, shapes, even though the sensation is intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ataxia-

A

Impaired gait, unsteady, incoordination,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dysphasia/aphasia-

A

Impaired capacity to interpret, formulate or express meaningful language, writing or gesturing,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dysphagia-

A

Impaired swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hemiparesis-

A

Weakness on one side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

JUST LIKE A CAR ACCIDENT –

A 
What caused the accident?
What caused the stroke?
Where did the accident happen?
Which artery did the stroke happen in?
What damage occurred?
 (Where did the brain damage occur?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

RIGHT HEMISPHERE

A

Controls left side of body, Spatial abilities, Visual imagery, Music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

LEFT HEMISPHERE

A

Controls right side of body, Language/Speech, Math, Logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The Frontal Lobe has many ‘jobs’including:

A

movement, intellectual function, emotions, memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PARIETAL LOBE-

•

A

located in the top middle of the cerebrum

• helps with sense of touch and with some complex visual perceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

THE TEMPORAL LOBE

•

A

located in the bottom middle of the cerebrum

• helps hearing and speech

31
Q

THE OCCIPITAL LOBE

•

A

located in the rear of the cerebrum

• plays a major role in vision

32
Q

THE vertebrobasilar arterial system

A

SUPPLIES BRAIN STEM AND CEREBELLUM

33
Q

STROKE in the brain stem

A

breathing, heartbeat, articulate speech.

34
Q

Cerebellum stroke

A

Cerebellum stroke ruins smooth coordinated movement

35
Q

To differentiate stroke vs stroke mimics
&
ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke,
requires (at least):

A 
•	History & neuro assessment (including stroke scale)
•	CT scan of the head
•	Blood work (including BS, CBC, INR)
•	Assessment of risk factors
ECG
36
Q

tPA

A

clot-busting drug that destroys an existing blood clot (- given 3 hours after onset of symptom, major side effect: cerebral hemorrhage, of BP critical during treatment and 24 hours after treatment)

37
Q

• Wernicke’s aphasia –

A

receives auditory speech impulses, but unable to comprehend them, Characterized by fluent, well-articulated speech, with intact tone, but inappropriate speech content that is unintelligible d/t poor word choices

38
Q

• Anomic or amnesic aphasia

A
  • probs finding correct names for certain stuff
39
Q

 Signs & Symptoms OF tia

A

depend on the blood vessel involved and the brain area that is ischemic.

40
Q

 Carotid involvement:

A

may have temporary vision loss in one eye, transient hemiparesis (weakness to one side of your body), or a sudden inability to speak, numbness/ loss of sensation

41
Q

 Vertebrobasilar involvement may include:

A

tinnitus, vertigo, ataxia (looking drunk), darkened or blurred vision, diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, dysarthria, and unilateral/bilateral numbness or weakness

42
Q

1/3

A

 1/3 individuals will not experince it again, 1/3 will have another TIA, the rest will experience a stroke.

43
Q

Management of TIA

A

 Diagnostic tests: Cardiac monitoring & CT
 Pharmacological: 1) Antiplatelet aggregation agents(ASA, Plavix)
2) Anticoagulant agents: Coumadin (Warfarin)

44
Q

Acute Care Goals: CVA:

A

Maintain patent airway
 Monitor for signs of neurologic deficit
 Decrease blood viscosity
 Control fluid & electrolyte balance
 Management of ICP
 Management of pain, hypovolemia, constipation, cerebral edema

45
Q

Thrombotic stroke( ischemic)-

A

results from fatty deposits that enlarge over years in carotid and other cerebral vessels. Usually slow on their onset.

46
Q

Embolic Stroke( ischemic)-

A

emboli or clot fragments break off and travel to cerebral arteries, usually originates from the heart or carotid artery.

47
Q

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE-

A

usually caused by: a ruptured aneurysm, severe hypertension, or drugs like cocaine etc..
a patient will have headache, nuchal rigidity, and possible nausea.
usually after shitting really hard.

48
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF STROKE?

A

Third leading cause of death and disability in adults
• about 15% of sufferers die
• about 30% are left with moderate-severe disability

49
Q

UNMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS-

A

Age- increase risk with age

50
Q

Agnosia-

A

, Agnosia- Inability to recognize familiar objects, persons, smells, shapes, even though the sensation is intact

51
Q

Ataxia-

A

Impaired gait, unsteady, incoordination,

52
Q

Dysphasia/aphasia-

A

Impaired capacity to interpret, formulate or express meaningful language, writing or gesturing,

53
Q

Dysphagia-

A

Impaired swallowing

54
Q

Hemiparesis-

A

Weakness on one side of the body

55
Q

STROKE in the brain stem

A

breathing, heartbeat, articulate speech.

56
Q

Cerebellum stroke

A

Cerebellum stroke ruins smooth coordinated movement

57
Q

To differentiate stroke vs stroke mimics
&
ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke,
requires (at least):

A 
•	History & neuro assessment (including stroke scale)
•	CT scan of the head
•	Blood work (including BS, CBC, INR)
•	Assessment of risk factors
ECG
58
Q

tPA

A

clot-busting drug that destroys an existing blood clot (- given 3 hours after onset of symptom, major side effect: cerebral hemorrhage, of BP critical during treatment and 24 hours after treatment)

59
Q

• Wernicke’s aphasia –

A

receives auditory speech impulses, but unable to comprehend them, Characterized by fluent, well-articulated speech, with intact tone, but inappropriate speech content that is unintelligible d/t poor word choices

60
Q

• Broca’s aphasia

A
  • expressive aphasia characterized by no fluent, telegraphic speech with outbursts of profanity, uninhibited speech and word-finding difficulties
61
Q

• Anomic or amnesic aphasia

A
  • probs finding correct names for certain stuff
62
Q

• Global aphasia-

A

loss of all expressive and receptive

63
Q

• Dysarthia

A

disturbance in the muscular control of speech

64
Q

• Dysphasia

A

impaired communitcation

65
Q

Primary assessment of the patient

A

with stroke is focused on cardiac, respiratory status, and neurological examination.

66
Q

Secondary assessment should include a comprehensive neurological examination of the patient including:

A

LOC (Glasgow Coma Scale), cognition, motor abilities, cranial nerve function, sensation, proprioception, cerebellar function, and deep tendon reflexes.

67
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

(blindness in the same half of each visual field):

68
Q

Stroke complications

A

Risk of recurrent stroke is 5 to 20%
 5% for cardioembolic strokes
 20% for atherosclerotic strokes

69
Q

No significant diff between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

A

Because destruction of neural tissue is the basis for neurological dysfunction regardless of the etiology. Therefore clinical mani. Related to the location in the brain the stroke occurred.

70
Q

Cerebral Angioplasty –

A

a balloon catheter to mechanically dilate vessels

71
Q

artherosclerosis

A

hardening and thickening of arteries

72
Q

tia vs stroke

A

in tia ischemia occurs without infraction but in a stroke infraction and cell death occur

73
Q

cerebral aneurysms are viewed

A

as the silent killers

74
Q

antiplatelet drugs

A

to prevent stroke in paitents who have had TIA

PNH (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions