week 4 - hyper tension Flashcards
Factors Influencing Blood Pressure
bp= CO x Systemic Vascular
Resistance
hypertension
Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP
Systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg
Diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg
***The exception is the diabetic patient! These parameters define hypertension in this population
SBP >130
DBP>80
normal bp
120/80
prehypertension
120-139/80-89
stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99
stage 2 hypertension
equal or more than 160/100
HIGH BP IS DEFINED AS
PERSISTENT BP OVER
140/90
Elevated readings must be present on at least 3 occasions
over several weeks
Primary (Essential) Hypertension
- Elevated BP with no known cause
- 85-90% of all cases
Secondary Hypertension
Elevated BP with a specific cause
- Approximately 10% of adults
Primary HTN: Risk Factors
**Family Hx of HTN Sodium intake Excessive alcohol intake Physical inactivity Excess calorie intake Low potassium intake **age > 60 Hyperlipidemia **Ethnicity Obesity Smoking Stress intake K+, Ca+, Mg+
Secondary Hypertension: Risk Factors
- Coarctation of aorta
* Renal disease
* Endocrine disorders
* Neurological disorders
HypertensionClinical Manifestations
MAY experience :Dizziness or fainting (syncope)
Headache
Facial flushing
*****Usually asymptomatic until it becomes severe and target organ disease has occurred
HypertensionComplications
The common complications are
target organ diseases occurring in the:
Heart
Brain
Kidney
Eyes
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) Heart failure (HF) Cerebrovascular Disease -Stroke Peripheral Vascular Disease Nephrosclerosis Retinal Damage
- Use arm with higher reading for subsequent measurements
- BP highest in early morning, lowest at night
Describe patient teaching for self-monitoring
