Week 6 Disease Flashcards
Disease
Disease
Abnormality of the structure or function of a part, organ, or system
May be felt or observed by others.
May have a known or unknown cause.
Severity of effects may be variable
Seven Categories of Disease:
1-Infection: Infectious organisms play a part in at least half of all human illness.
2. Degenerative Disease: disorders that breakdown tissues in the body.
Causes include: hereditary factors, substance abuse, infection or normal “wear and tear” and idiopathic
3. Nutritional disorders: includes either a dietary lack of nutrients or an excess of any type.
4. Metabolic Disorders: include any disruption of cellular metabolism.
5. Immune Disorders: deficiencies in the immune system, caused by either infection or hereditary factors.
6. Neoplasms: refers to cancer and other types of tumors
7. Psychiatric disorders: mental disorders
Often associated with physical disorders
What is predisposing cause?
A predisposing cause is a factor known to increase the probability that an individual will become ill
• Some causes increase susceptibility to particular diseases.
What is Idiopathic?
Idiopathic: diseases of unknown origin
What is latrogenic?
latrogenic:
diseases due to adverse treatment effects
What is Epidemiology
Etiology
Epidemiology
• The study of diseases in entire populations; includes the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases.
• includes the tendency to appear in specific demographics
What is incidence rate
Number of new cases within a population in a specific time frame
/ pop size
What is Prevalence rate
Number of cases within populations in a specific time frame
Mortality rate
Number of cases resulting in death in a specific time frame.
What is Endemic
• Epidemic: Many people affected at the same time in a given region. (influenza)
• Endemic: Disease found to a lesser extent but continuously. (common cold)
Disease Diagnosis
Disease Diagnosis identifying the disease
Symptoms
• Conditions of the disease, as noted by the patient
• Subjective feelings e.g. pain, fatigue
• Signs
Evidence of the disease, noted by the attendant
• Objective indicators: evident to someone other than patient; rapid pulse, wheezing
Syndrome
Group of signs & symptoms characteristic of a disorder
Disease classification
Diseases are often classified on severity/ duration.
Acute: severe/short duration
Chronic: less severe/long duration
Subacute: between both
Prognosis: prediction of probable outcome of disease
Latent stage
Latent stage:
• no clinical signs are evident
• the incubation period,
• the time between exposure to the microorganism and the onset of the signs or symptoms.
Prodromal Period
Prodromal period
• Nonspecific, early signs
• the time in the early development of a disease when one is aware of a change in the body, but the signs ar nonspecific
• Example: fatigue, loss of appetite, or headache.
Health promotion promotion
•organizations
• The WHO
• Public Health Agency Canada (PHAC)
• The CDC (Centre for Disease Control & Prevention)
