Week 1 Intro To Anatomt Flashcards
Directional Terms
Anterior: towards the front of the body
Ventral: anterior surface of a
Structure
Posterior: towards the back of
the body
Proximal
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Proximal:
> closer to the midline or trunk than another structure (or reference point) or closer to the point of origin of a structure (e.g. limb)
Distal
Distal:
> away from the midline or trunk, or away from the point of origin of a structure (e.g. muscle or bone)
Body divided into 2 main cavities
Dorsal Cavity& Ventral Cavity
Dorsal 2 subdivisions
Spinal and Cranial
Ventral Cavity
2 main subdivision separated by diaphragm
Ventral Cavity
- Two main subdivisions separated by the diaphragm
. Thoracic cavity (includes heart & lungs)
• Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal & pelvic)
- Which body cavity is superior to the diaphragm?
Mediastinum
- Which body cavity contains the diaphragm?
Abdominal cavity
Abdominal Cavity:
Abdominal Cavity:
• Stomach, most of the intestines, the kidneys, the liver, the spleen, the gallbladder and the pancreas
Pelvic Cavity
Pelvic Cavity:
• Urinary bladder, the rectum and the internal parts of the reproductive system
Divisions of the Abdomen
Structural Levels of Organization
11 Systems of the Body
Integumentary System
Integumentary System:
• the skin and associated body structures
• Includes hair, the nails, sweat and oil glands
Skeletal system
Skeletal System:
•206 bones and the joints between them
• Body’s framework
Muscular system
3 muscle groups
Cardiac muscle- walls of heart
Smooth muscle- walls of blood vessels and hollow organs
Skeletal muscle- give body structure , protect organs, maintain posture
Nervous System
Nervous system:
> Directs the body’s responses to external and internal stimuli.
> Includes special sense organs (eyes, ears, taste buds and organs of smell)
1. Brain,
2. Spinal cord and
3. Nerves.
Endocrine System
Endocrine system:
> Endocrine glands produce hormones which regulate body activities such as growth, food utilization within cells and reproduction.
1. Thyroid,
2. pituitary,
3. adrenal glands
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular system:
•heart and blood vessels pumps blood to all body tissues
• Delivers nutrients and 02to tissues
• removes waste and CO2 from tissues
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic system:
• plays important role in immunity.
• aids in fluid regulation
• absorbs dietary fats
• Contains lymph fluid
Respiratory System
Respiratory System: includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from the lungs (gas exchange)
Digestive System
Digestive system: include mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas
Urinary System
Urinary system: to rid the body of waste products and excess water
Reproductive System
Reproductive system: includes the external sex organs and all relates internal structures
