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Animal Diversity > Week 6: Clade Arthropoda > Flashcards

Week 6: Clade Arthropoda Flashcards

0
Q

What clades are in clade chelicerata?

A

Merostomata and Arachnida

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1
Q

Which clades are in clade Arthropoda?

A

Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda

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2
Q

Which clade has no antennae?

A

Chelicerata

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3
Q

Which clade are horshoe crabs in?

A

Merostamata

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4
Q

Which clade are spiders, ticks, mites and scorpions in?

A

Arachnida

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5
Q

Which clades are in clade myriapoda?

A

Diplopoda and Chilopoda

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6
Q

What clade are millipedes in?

A

Diplopoda

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7
Q

How many pairs of walking legs do millipedes have per segment?

A

Two pairs of walking legs per segment

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8
Q

Which clade are centipedes in?

A

Chilopoda

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9
Q

How many pairs of walking legs do Chilopoda have?

A

1 pair per segment

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10
Q

What clades are in clade Crustacea?

A

Malacostraca and then nested in that Decapoda

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11
Q

How many thoracic and abdominal segments does Malacostraca have?

A

Eight thoracic and six abdominal segments

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12
Q

Which clade has eyes on stalks?

A

Clade Decapoda

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13
Q

Which clade is in clade Hexapoda?

A

Clade insecta

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14
Q

Which clades are in insecta?

A

Orthoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera

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15
Q

Which clade are grasshoppers, crickets, and locusts?

A

Orthoptera

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16
Q

Which clade are dragonflies and damselflies in?

A

Odonata

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17
Q

Which clade are beetles in?

A

Coleoptera

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18
Q

Which clade are true flies in?

A

Diptera

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19
Q

Which clade are butterflies in?

A

Lepidoptera

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20
Q

Which clade are ants, bees, and wasps in?

A

Hymenoptera

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21
Q

What three shared characteristics do Arthropoda have?

A
  1. Segmented bodies
  2. jointed appendages
  3. exoskeleton
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22
Q

What is the exoskeleton made of and what secretes it?

A

Chitin and proteins, it’s secreted by the epidermis

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23
Q

What are benefits of the exoskeleton?

A
  1. Support for body
  2. Anchor for muscle attachment
  3. Protection
  4. Prevents water loss
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24
Q

What are limitations of the exoskeleton?

A

Limits body size

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25
Q

What type of muscle do Arthropoda have?

A

Striated

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26
Q

What type of circulatory system do Arthropoda have?

A

Open

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27
Q

What is the hemocoel?

A

Main body cavity consisting of blood filled sinuses in the tissue

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28
Q

Describe the arthopodic true coelom

A

Role reduced, major body cavity, derived from embryonic blastopore

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29
Q

What is hemolymph?

A

Fluid in hemocoel that functions as blood and lymph, usually contains hemoglobin as oxygen carrying molecule but sometimes uses hemacyanin (copper metalloprotein)

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30
Q

How many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have?

A

2

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31
Q

How many pairs of antennae do insects have?

A

1

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32
Q

Horshoe crab: carapace

A

Part of exoskeleton that protects and covers the cephalothorax

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33
Q

HS crab: abdomen

A

The posterior section of the body in arthopodic

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34
Q

HS crab: cephalothorax

A

Fused portion of the body consisting of the head and thorax regions

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35
Q

HS crab: gill opercula

A

Protects book gills

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36
Q

HS crab: book gills

A

Respiratory strucutures found in aquatic chelicerates that consist of thin overlapping , blood filled flaps of tissue that exchange gas with sea water flowing over them

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37
Q

HS crabs: Simple eyes

A

(8) photoreceptors; smaller than the compound eyes

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38
Q

HS crab: Compound eyes

A

(2) Photoreception, large and composed of about 1000 ommitidia

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39
Q

HS crab: telson

A

Aids in anchoring, stiff “tail”

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40
Q

HS crab: chelicerae

A

Find food first, first pair of appendages

41
Q

HS crab: pedipalps

A

Handle food, assist in mvmt; modified 2nd set of clawed appendages

42
Q

HS crab: opisthosoma

A

Part of exoskeleton , protects/covers the abdomen

43
Q

spider: cephalothorax

A

Fused portion of body consisting of the head and the thorax region

44
Q

Spider: abdomen

A

Houses the reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and web spinning organs

45
Q

Spider: book lung

A

Hollow compartment filled with numerous folds of the body wall. One side of fold is bathed in blood and allowing for gas exchange across thin moist layer

46
Q

Spider: chelicera

A

First pair of appendages, modified into fangs

47
Q

Spider: fangs

A

Modified chelicerae that inject powerful enzymes into prey

48
Q

Spider: pedipalps

A

2nd appendages used for food manipulation

49
Q

Spider: tracheal spiracle

A

Small apertures on side of abdomen for respiration

50
Q

Spider: spinnerets

A

Used in spinning silk for catching prey, building bridges, escape, costing eggs, and gift wrapping

51
Q

Crayfish: rostrum

A

Pointed region between eyes demarcating anterior end of body, protects stalked eyes and cerebral ganglia

52
Q

Crayfish: antennae

A

Longer, paired appendages on head modified for chemosensory, tactile and equilibrium reception

53
Q

Crayfish: antennules

A

Shorter, paired appendages on head modified for chemosensory, tactile and equilibrium reception

54
Q

Crayfish: compound eyes

A

Detect light and form visual images

55
Q

Crayfish: carapace

A

Covers cephalothorax, protection

56
Q

Crayfish: swimmerets

A

Abdominal appendages modified for swimming

57
Q

Crayfish: copulatory swimmerets

A

Larger, club shaped swimmerets used by male to transfer sperm during copulation

58
Q

Crayfish: seminal receptacle

A

Located between the 5th pair of walking legs (under swimmerets)

59
Q

Crayfish: telson

A

Tail fin for propulsion, anus on ventral side

60
Q

Crayfish: uropods

A

Form lateral portions of the tail fin; propulsion

61
Q

Crayfish: chelipeds (pinchers)

A

Large pinchers used for grasping food and for defense

62
Q

Crayfish: walking legs

A

Locomotion, waking on land and crawling across stream bottom

63
Q

Crayfish: gastric muscles

A

Move the cardiac stomach

64
Q

Crayfish: gastric teeth/gastric mill (inside of cardiac stomach)

A

Chitonous teeth that grind food into liquefied mush

65
Q

Crayfish: cardiac stomach

A

Thick walled, anterior portion of the stomach containing gastric mill

66
Q

Crayfish: pyloric stomach

A

Thin walled chamber where chemical digestion of food occurs

67
Q

Crayfish: mandibular muscles

A

Control of the motion of the mandibles, help masticate

68
Q

Crayfish: gills

A

Respiration

69
Q

Crayfish: heart (with Ostia)

A

Specialized muscle chamber containing Ostia (holes) to allow passive uptake of blood which is delivered to the body tissues through arteries

70
Q

Crayfish: intestine

A

Long tube passing through the abdominal region in which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream for delivery to the body tissue

71
Q

Crayfish: green glands

A

Paired excretory organs found along the ventral margin of the head region; they release waste out of the crayfish thru small pores in the ventral body wall

72
Q

Crayfish: digestive glands

A

Accessory digestive organs that secrete enzymes into the pyloric stomach to facilitate chemical breakdown of food

73
Q

What is the difference between male and female crayfish?

A

Females have a seminal receptacle and smaller swimmerets. Males have larger (copulatory) swimmerets

74
Q

What are the characteristics that helped insects survive on land?

A
  1. Stronger support systems and appendages - overcome gravity
  2. Cuticles - withstand dry air yet allow gas exchange
  3. Specialized respiratory, excretory and digestive structures
  4. Wings - take advantage of aerial habitat
75
Q

Hemimetabolic

A

Undergo incomplete metamorphosis, not a huge difference between old and young

76
Q

Holometabolic

A

Undergo complete metamorphosis

77
Q

Uniramous

A

Unbranched appendages

78
Q

Biramous

A

Branched appendages

79
Q

Grasshopper: compound eyes

A

Paired, complex image forming photoreceptors composed of numerous ommatidia that create a fairly coarse grained pic of their visual field

80
Q

Grasshopper: ocelli

A

Simple photoreceptor consisting of a small cup backed by light absorbing pigments; not capable of image formation

81
Q

Grasshopper: antennae

A

Thin, paired appendages on head modified for chemosensory and tactile reception

82
Q

What is the order of the four mouthparts of the grasshopper from top to bottom?

A
  1. Labrum
  2. Mandible
  3. Maxilla
  4. Labium
83
Q

Grasshopper: labrum

A

Top lip for manipulating food

84
Q

Grasshopper: mandible

A

Mastication of food

85
Q

Grasshopper: labium

A

Bottom lip, hold labial palps

86
Q

Grasshopper: maxilla

A

Manipulation of food, contains maxillary palps

87
Q

Grasshopper: spiracles

A

External openings in abdomen that allow airflow into and out of tracheae, part of tracheal system

88
Q

Grasshopper: fore/hindwings

A

Used for flight

89
Q

Grasshopper: ovipositor

A

External opening bordered by pointy chitonous teeth that penetrate the soil and create burrows for egg deposition

90
Q

Grasshopper: tympanum

A

Receives sound waves and creates vibration (auditory sense)

91
Q

Grasshopper: gastric ceca

A

Lobed accessory digestive areas located at the juncture between the crop and stomach which facilitate chemical digestion

92
Q

Grasshopper: testes

A

Site of sperm production

93
Q

Grasshopper: ovary

A

site of egg production and maturation. Fertilization is internal and fertilized eggs are deposited in the soil

94
Q

Grasshopper: crop

A

Highly extensible, anterior portion of he get digestive tract that serves as a storage compartment for food

95
Q

Grasshopper: malpighian tubules

A

Stringy, fibrous excretory organs that eliminate waste and osmoregulate

96
Q

What is the difference between male and female grasshopper

A

Males don’t have ovipositor, females have an ovipositor (Pringle mouth)

97
Q

Early Arthropoda retained characteristics of Annelida but added what two additional features? What are there functions?

A

Jointed appendages: walking, flying, feeding, reproducing and sensing the environment
Exoskeleton: protection, support, anchor for muscles and barrier to minimize water loss

98
Q

What were challenges presented by the move from aquatic to terrestrial habitats? What traits were selected for?

A

Challenges: gravity,
Traits: stronger support systems, smaller body size; reproductive, skeletal, digestive, excretory, and respiratory systems that conserved water. First to fly

99
Q

Arthropods and vascular plants populated terrestrial habitats simultaneously. Discuss how this affected the relationships between the two

A
  1. Virtually every kind of plant is eaten by one of more species of insects and insects are vectors of pollen for most flowering plants
  2. Insects and plants became evolutionarily dependent on one another
  3. Adaptive radiation was accelerated for athropods
100
Q

What are the reasons for arthropod success?

A
  1. Jointed appendages
  2. Exoskeleton
  3. Segmentation
  4. Specialized respiratory system
  5. Highly developed sensory organs
  6. Complex behavior patterns
  7. Reduced competition among populations b/c metamorphosis
  8. No intra-species competition between young and adults

Animal Diversity (3 decks)

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