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Animal Diversity > Week 5: The Molluscs and Annelids > Flashcards

Week 5: The Molluscs and Annelids Flashcards

0
Q

Shell

A

Part of mollusca body plan that is a hard outer covering that protects the organism. It is reduced in some species

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1
Q

What are the components of the body plane of animals in clade mollusca?

A

Shell, foot, visceral mass, mantle

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2
Q

Foot

A

Part of body plan in clade mollusca that is used for locomotion or attachment to substrate

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3
Q

Visceral mass

A

Part of mollusca body plan that houses major internal organs

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4
Q

Mantle

A

Part of mollusca body plan, secretes the shell

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5
Q

Are animals in clade mollusca pseudocoelomates, acoelomates, or coelomates?

A

They are coelomates, they have a true coelom

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6
Q

Is the circulatory system of mollusca open or closed?

A

Open, except for cephalopods which have a closed circulatory system

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7
Q

What is hemolymph?

A

Blood that surrounds organs

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8
Q

Torsion

A

Due to uneven growth of the right and left muscles that attach the shell to head foot. After torsion, occurs, the anus is on top of the head.

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9
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Evolution of numerous species from a common ancestor following migration into a new environment

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10
Q

Name the clades of clade mollusca

A

Gastropoda, bivalvia, Cephalopoda, polyplacophora, Scaphopoda

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11
Q

What clade is the clam in?

A

Clade bivalvia

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12
Q

Clam: kidney (nephridium)

A

Excretory organ that filters nitrogenous waste from the hemolymph and eliminates them from the body

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13
Q

Clam: adductor muscles

A

Allows the clam to close its shell and hold it closed with tremendous force

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14
Q

Clam: mantle

A

Thin membrane that secretes the shell

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15
Q

Clam: visceral mass

A

Pouch that houses several major internal organs

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16
Q

Clam: foot

A

Muscular region adjacent to the visceral mass, used for burrowing and locomotion

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17
Q

Clam: gills

A

Respiration and filter feeding, female freshwater mussels brood eggs in special gill pouches

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18
Q

Clam: heart

A

Muscular portion of circulatory system that receives blood from the gills and pumps it through short arteries to neighboring tissue

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19
Q

Clam: stomach

A

Small chamber located within visceral mass for food storage

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20
Q

Clam: digestive glands

A

Greenish, granular tissue that secretes digestive enzymes into stomach and intestine to assist in the chemical breakdown of food

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21
Q

Clam: intestine

A

Coiled digestive tract, absorption of nutrients

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22
Q

Clam: gonad

A

Produces gametes for reproduction

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23
Q

Clam: labial palps

A

Fleshy folds of skin located near mouth that collect food particles from the gills and transports them to the mouth

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24
Q

Squid: tentacles

A

Long, extensible, prehensile appendages for capturing prey

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25
Q

Squid: arms

A

Shorter appendages used to manipulate captured prey and act as a rudder for navigating while swimming

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26
Q

Squid: mantle

A

Body tube encircling visceral mass forming a hollow chamber in which
water is collected and used for propulsion

27
Q

Squid: funnel/siphon

A

hollow tube through which water is expelled from the mantle cavity at high velocity to propel squid through the water

28
Q

Squid: eyes

A

Image forming organs for detecting visual stimuli

29
Q

Compare squid eyes to human eyes. What type of evolution is this?

A

Cephalopods have eyes with sensory receptors in front of ganglia so they have no eyespot. This is an example of convergent evolution

30
Q

Squid: pen

A

Keeps the squids rigid, kind of like a backbone

31
Q

Squid: gills

A

Paired, feathery organs used for respiration

32
Q

Squid: ink sac

A

Large sac that opens into the rectum and secretes a dark brown or black fluid when the animal is alarmed

33
Q

What effects did adaptive radiation have on molluscs?

A

Resulted in a vast range of morphological types within a group or organisms sharing a common lineage

34
Q

Do Annelida have an open or closed circulatory system?

A

Closed

35
Q

True or false: Annelida have a complete digestive system

A

True

36
Q

True or false: Annelida are monoecious

A

True

37
Q

What type of muscles do Annelida have?

A

Longitudinal and circular muscles

38
Q

Which clades are in Annelida?

A

Polychaeta, oligochaeta, and hirudinea

39
Q

Which clade in Annelida has many setae?

A

Polychaeta

40
Q

Which clade in Annelida has few setae?

A

Oligochaeta

41
Q

Which clade in Annelida has no setae?

A

Hirudinea

42
Q

Which clade are earthworms in?

A

Oligochaeta

43
Q

Which clade are clamworms in?

A

Polychaeta

44
Q

Which clade are leeches in?

A

Hirudinea

45
Q

Earthworm: brain

A

Small, bi-lobed structure lying dorsal to the pharynx in segments three and four. Houses the majority of neural ganglia

46
Q

Earthworm: pharynx

A

Muscular region of digestive system specialized for pumping in soil

47
Q

Earthworm: pumping vessel (hearts)

A

Specialized muscular branches of the dorsal blood vessel that rhythmically contract to circulate blood throughout the body

48
Q

Earthworm: esophagus

A

Passageway between pharynx and crop

49
Q

Earthworm: crop

A

Thin-walled chamber where food is temporarily stored

50
Q

Earthworm: gizzard

A

Thick-walled, muscular chamber where soil is mechanically ground and usable organic materials are separated from ingested materials

51
Q

Earthworm: dorsal blood vessel

A

Longitudinal blood vessel that returns blood to the pumping vessel

52
Q

Earthworm: seminal receptacles

A

Ventrally located organs that receive sperm during copulation and store sperm until needed to fertilize eggs in cocoon

53
Q

Earthworm: seminal vesicles

A

Stores maturing sperm

54
Q

Earthworm: intestine

A

Long tube occupying the majority of the body in which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

55
Q

Earthworm: nephridia

A

Paired excretory organs that release waste fluids out of the worm through small pores in the body wall

56
Q

Earthworm: septa

A

Thin, fleshy partitions between segments

57
Q

Earthworm: clitellum

A

Used during reproduction for the transferring of sperm between individuals and in secreting a cocoon that contains fertilized eggs

58
Q

Earthworm: circular muscle

A

Muscles that elongate, thin

59
Q

Longitudinal muscles

A

Muscles that shorten, thicken

60
Q

Earthworm: intestine

A

Long tube occupying the majority of the body in which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

61
Q

Earthworm: nerve cord

A

Lomg white cord located along the ventral surface of the body, contains large swelling of ganglia in each segment that handle the majority of coordination without intervention of the brain

62
Q

Earhtworm: setae

A

Bristles that help the earthworm grip the dirt and assist in locomotion

63
Q

Earthworm: coelom

A

Central body cavity

64
Q

What are the steps in earthworm reproduction?

A
  1. Earthworms align with heads pointing in opposite directions and exchange sperm. Worms separate and each worm secretes a mucous band from its clitellum that forms a cocoon and slides forward.
  2. The clitellum picks up eggs from the egg sac
  3. The clitellum receives sperm from the seminal receptacles
  4. A cocoon containing fertilized eggs slips off the anterior end of the worm and is deposited near the entrance of the worms burrow
  5. Eggs develop for two or three weeks
  6. Juvenile earthworms emerge

Animal Diversity (3 decks)

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