Week 6 - CBT Flashcards
What was the origin of Beck’s theory that one’s underlying cognitive schema, or floor plan, leads to beliefs about oneself and that one can challenge beliefs that lead to self-destructive behaviors?
Overcoming his early negative beliefs about himself and later being one year ahead of his peers although he previously believed he wasn’t smart enough/was inept.
Beck realized that different disorders presented with specific BLANK, or false beliefs about the world, that fueled the disorder.
Cognitive distortions
A number of variations of CBT are often subsumed under the broader heading of cognitive-behavioral approaches, what are they?
-Rational emotive behavior therapy
-Dialectical behavior therapy
-ACT
-Constructivist therapy
-Multimodal therapy
True or False: Beck suggests that there is a genetic and evolutionary predisposition toward emotional responses that were adaptive in the distant past but can sometimes be maladaptive in today’s world (i.e. anger and anxiety)
True
What is the continuity hypothesis?
Beck suggests that there is a genetic and evolutionary predisposition toward emotional responses that were adaptive in the distant past but can sometimes be maladaptive in today’s world (i.e. anger and anxiety). These older, emotional responses are seen as “continuing into the modern world”.
What is the diathesis-stress model of mental disorders?
Based on one’s genetic predisposition, some individuals will tend to develop certain mental disorders when placed under stress.
True or False: Beck assumes that even those who do exhibit maladaptive responses can change in a relatively short amount of time, through therapeutic discourse with others, particularly if an individuals learns how to modify their cognitive processes.
True
True or False: Although some individuals have a tendency toward exhibiting maladaptive emotional responses, a proportion of these will not express them if they were taught effective skills by parents and others, even if they had a genetic predisposition toward them. And taking a rational, pragmatic, and some say constructionist perspective.
True
True or False: CBT is seen as an antideterministic, active, educative, structured, time sensitive, and empirical approach to counseling that suggests that people can manage and effect changes in their way of living in the world if given the tools understand their cognitive processes and how they affect feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses.
True
What do Beck and other cognitive therapists believe combine to produce specific core beliefs, some of which may lie dormant and then suddenly appear as the result of stress and other conditions impinging on that person?
-Genetics
-Biological factors
-Experiences
BLANK are embedded, underlying beliefs that provide direction toward the way one lives in the world.
Core beliefs
Negative core beliefs and positive core beliefs lead to what?
Negative feelings and dysfunctional behaviors; positive core beliefs lead to healthy ways of living.
Beck suggests that most individuals are not aware of their core beliefs. Instead, most such beliefs become the underlying mechanism for the creation of BLANK, which set the attitudes, rules and expectations, assumptions by which we live.
Intermediate beliefs
These attitudes, rules, expectations, and assumptions can be understood by looking at how situations lead to what are called BLANK and associated BLANK, which result in a set of behaviors, feelings, and physiological responses that end up reinforcing core beliefs. Thus the cycle is continued.
Automatic thoughts; cognitive distortions
If a counselor can accurately BLANK, that counselor can begin to make an educated guess as to some of the automatic thoughts and associated cognitive distortions, intermediate beliefs, and core beliefs the client might have.
Diagnose a client
True or False: Although CBT is mostly a present-focused approach, Judith Beck suggests that examining the past might be helpful when the client has a strong desire to do so and avoiding such a discussion could harm the therapeutic alliance and when understanding the past can illuminate why clients think the way they do and help them change their rigid thinking.
True
True or False: Cognitive therapists believe it is important to address all aspects of the individual if change is to occur relatively quickly.
True
What is the cognitive model?
Describes three levels of cognition: core beliefs; intermediate beliefs; automatic thoughts
What are core beliefs?
Fundamental beliefs that underlie how we think, feel, and behave
What are intermediate beliefs?
Attitudes, rules, expectations, and assumptions that are outgrowths of our core beliefs
What are automatic thoughts?
Result in our behaviors, feelings, and physiological responses and are the outgrowth of our intermediate beliefs.
True or False: Cognitive therapists believe it is usually important to initially focus on automatic thoughts, not core beliefs.
True; this is because core beliefs are seen as more embedded and less assessable than clients’ automatic thoughts, and consequently, automatic thoughts are more easily “caught” are a more natural starting point (i.e. a core belief of “I am inadequate” is much more difficult for a client to initially grasp than an automatic thought of “i will never get this report done right”)
How can a counselor begin to hypothesize about the intermediate beliefs that produce the automatic thoughts and ultimately begin to understand the core beliefs that fuel the intermediate beliefs?
By assessing and diagnosing the client and by examining the client’s automatic thoughts.
What are the three broad categories of negative core beliefs?
-Helplessness
-Unlovability
-Worthlessness
