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Pharm > Week 6 Cardio > Flashcards

Week 6 Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What is the flow of electrical impulses?

A

SA
AV
Bundle of His
two bundle fibers
Purkinje Fibers

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2
Q

What are factors that affect arterial pressure?

A

RAAS
SNS
amount of fluid volume
amout of blood
blood vessel flexibility

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3
Q

What are the four types of treatment of hypertension?

A

RAAS supressans
calcium channel blockers
sympatholytics (antidrenergic)
Direct-acting vasodilators

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4
Q

What are some types of RAAS suppressants?

A

ACE inhibitors
angiotensin two receptor blockers (ARBs)
aldosterone antagonists
direct renin inhibitors (DRIs)

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5
Q

What are three categories of drugs for heart failure?

A

diuretics
RAAS inhibitors
beta blockers

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6
Q

What are the two categories for CHD?

A

antilipemics and antianginals

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7
Q

What are the four categories to treat cardiac dysrhythmias?

A

I. sodium channel blockers
II. beta blockers
III. potassium channel blockers
IV. calcium channel blockers

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8
Q

What are three purposes of taking ACE inhibitors?

A

MI
HF
decrease progression of diabetick neuropathy

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9
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

Blocks the conversion from ANG I to ANG II, so it prevents aldosterone from being made leading to the wasting of sodium and therefore water and makes people pee

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10
Q

What are some things to watch for with ACE inhibitors balance level wise?

A

hyponatremia
hypotension
hyperkalemia

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11
Q

What are three bad reactions to ACE inhibitors?

A

hacking cough, renal failure, and swollen tongue

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12
Q

What does heparin and coumadin do?

A

inhibits clot formation

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13
Q

What should be monitored when people take anticoagulants?

A

assess for bleeding

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14
Q

What is the antidote to heparin?

A

antidote: Protamine sulfate

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15
Q

What should be reported when someone is on heparin?

A

black tarry stools b/c sign of internal bleeding

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16
Q

How soon must Beta-adrenergic Blockers be administered to reduce mortality from MI?

A

within 8 hours of onset

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17
Q

What are two contraindications for Beta-adrenergic Blockers?

A

diabetes and asthma

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18
Q

What should be assessed before administering Beta-adrenergic Blockers?

A

BP and HR

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19
Q

What are three ADR of beta-adrenergic Blockers?

A

insominia, impotence, bradycardia

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20
Q

What should not be taken with Calcium channel blockers?

A

avoid grapefruit

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20
Q

How do Calcium channel blockers work?

A

blocks transport of Ca+ into myocardial cells, relax arteriolar smooth muscle;
some decrease the HR

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21
Q

What should be avoided when taking HMG- CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

avoid grapefruit and alcohol

22
Q

Cardiac Glycosides prototype

A

digoxin ( (Cardoxin® and Lanoxin®)

23
Q

Is digoxin a positive or negative inotrope?

A

positive inotrope because it makes the heart contract harder

24
Q

What are some things to consider before administering digoxin?

A

check apical pulse for one min before administering and serum levels

25
Q

What is the max serum level for cardiac glycosides?

A

2.0

26
Q

What are five ADR for digoxin?

A

nausea/vomiting
fatigue
anorexia
visual disturbances/halos
blurring

27
Q

What should be reported when taking “Statins”?

A

`weakness and rhabdomyolysis (red/brown urine)

28
Q

Nitrates do what to the body?

A

Relax both arterial and venous smooth muscle and dilate coronary arteries.

29
Q

What are some things to watch out for when someone is taking NTG?

A

tolerance
orthostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia due to vasodilation

30
Q

What is a drug not to take with nitrates?

A

Viagara because it is also a vasodilator

31
Q

What are four ADR of nitrates?

A

headache
dizziness/orthostatic hypotension
tolerance
tachycardia

32
Q

What is something that someone taking spironolactone should not take?

A

potassium suplements

33
Q

What can cause toxicity of digoxin?

A

too much potassium

34
Q

What are six ADR of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

dizziness/headache
GI distress
paresthesia
hyperuricemia
hyperkalemia
muscle weakness
impotence

35
Q

When should you hold spironolactone?

A

hyperkalemia- Hold infusion

36
Q

What are four big effects of electrolyte levels of loop diuretics?

A

hyponatremia
hypokalemia
hyperglycemia
polyuria

37
Q

Why should you take lipitor at night?

A

the liver makes the most amount of cholesterol at night

38
Q

What is a reportable ADR of furosemide?

A

ototoxicity

39
Q

What is a reportable ADR of thiazide?

A

pulmonary edema, wheezing, and joint tenderness

40
Q

What drug should be given slowly and why?

A

furosemide because there could be ototoxicity and other adverse reactions

41
Q

Should Aspirin be taken with or without food?

A

with food because it is acidic

42
Q

How should bile acid sequestrants be taken? (coleveselam and colespitol)

A

with food and water because it deals with acid

43
Q

What are some ADR of CCB?

A

fatigue
headache/dizziness
flushing
hypotension

44
Q

What drug enhances the action of digoxin?

A

pines or CCB

45
Q

When should fibrates be taken?

A

30 min before meals

46
Q

What drug increases the risk for bleeding with warfarin?

A

fibrates

47
Q

What labs should be monitored with heparin and enoxaparin?

A

platelet, PT, aPTT, INR, CBC

48
Q

What is a drug that requires lab assessment of ALT and AST?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

49
Q

Painful ADR for niacin can be treated how?

A

aspirin

50
Q

What drug should be administered with a subcutaneous injection every 2-4 weeks?

A

Proprotein convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 inhibitors

51
Q

Why should alteplase be administered slowly?

A

to prevent hypotension

52
Q

What is alteplase contraindicated for? (4)

A

active bleed
PUD
History of stroke
recent trauma

Pharm (10 decks)

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