Endocrine

Question 1

Drugs in the same category have similar what? (4)

Answer 1

adverse drug reactions
contraindications/precautions
administration considerations
therapeutic effects

Question 2

Which drugs name is not capitalized?

Answer 2

generic drugs

Question 3

what drugs are potentially harmful if there is no supervision from licensed health provider?

Answer 3

prescription

Question 4

What are characteristics of OTC meds?

Answer 4

FDA says they are relatively safe to take w/o supervision
purchase anywhere by anyone

Question 5

Pharmaceutics address what?

Answer 5

dissolution
absorption rate
onset of action

Question 6

EC drugs can be abbreviated as what?

Answer 6

ER
XL
SR
XR

Question 7

How can parenteral drugs be administered?

Answer 7

IV
subcut
IM

Question 8

How does water-solubility affect drug absorption?

Answer 8

Absorption of drugs is rapid if drugs is highly-water soluble

Question 9

What are the glands that make up the endocrine system?

Answer 9

hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid/parathyroid
Islet cells
adrenal
testes/ovaries

Question 10

What are five hormones that are stimulated in the anterior pituitary by the Hypothalamus?

Answer 10

GH
TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH

Question 11

What two hormones does GnRH release in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 11

FSH and LH

Question 12

What are two hormones that are stimulated in the posterior pituitary by the Hypothalamus?

Answer 12

antidiuretic
oxytocin

Question 13

What chemical is needed to produce T3 and T4?

Answer 13

iodine

Question 14

What chemical are T4 and T3?

Answer 14

thyroxine
triiodothyronine

Question 15

Cells in the Islets of Langerhans produce what?

Answer 15

beta cells produce insulin and amylin

Question 16

What are some negative effects of glucose in the ciculatory system?

Answer 16

CV Kidney disease
HD
CVA

Question 17

What hormone balances the effects of insulin and three other effects?

Answer 17

slows gastric emptying
inhibits secretion of glucagon
enhances feeling of satiety

Question 18

What type of patients are prone to insulin resistance?

Answer 18

overweight or obese

Question 19

What does the adrenal cortex produce?

Answer 19

corticosteroid hormones:
cortisol
aldosterone
androgen
estrogen

Question 20

What hormone does the adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 20

SNS stimulation
epinephrine
norepinephrine

Question 21

What are six types of oral hypoglycemics?

Answer 21

sulfonylureas
meglitinides
biguanides
thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
gliptins

Question 22

What classification of oral antidiabetic drugs decrease the reabsorption of glucose?

Answer 22

sodium-glucose co-transperter 2 (SCLT-2)

Question 23

What mechanism does sodium-glucose co-transperter 2 (SCLT-2) use to treat diabetes symptoms?

Answer 23

increases excretion of glucose in urine
improved glycemic control
weight loss

Question 24

What is the prototype drug for thyroid replacement therapy?

Answer 24

Levothyroxine aka Synthroid

Question 25

Antithyroid drugs are used for what condition?

Answer 25

Graves disease to supprose thyroid hormone

Question 26

What is the prototype drug for antithyroid drug?

Answer 26

propylthiouracil

Question 27

What is the lack of growth hormone called?

Answer 27

Turner's syndrom, usually affecting girls to reach a normal height

Question 28

What is the prototype drug for growth hormone?

Answer 28

somatropin genotropin nutropin humatrope serostim

Question 29

What does a vasopressin do?

Answer 29

it decreases water extretion by the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts another effect is constricting aterioles in the body

Question 30

What do glucocorticoids do for the body?

Answer 30

replaces cortisol from diseases such as Addison's disease

Question 31

What does cortisol do to the body? (2)

Answer 31

promotes breakdown of proteins and lipids to synthesize more glucose increases with stress to ensure blood pressure and adequate blood glucose levels

Question 32

What do mineralocorticoids treat??

Answer 32

hypoaldosteronism congenital adrenal hyperplasia Addison's disease

Question 33

Why should thyroid repacements be taken on an empty stomach?

Answer 33

they reduce the absorption of levothyroxine

Question 34

Why do people undergoing cancer treatment have be careful when taking radioactive iodine?

Answer 34

watch for tiredness, and slowness (hyperthyroidism) and being around people, breastfeeding, etc

Question 35

What is the major adverse effect of growth hormone?

Answer 35

hyperglycemia, especially those with pre-existing diabetes

Question 36

What does Antidiuretic hormon treat?

Answer 36

diabetic insipidus

Question 37

What does diabetes insipidus due to the body?

Answer 37

produces anadequate amount of ADH and makes you pee too much

Question 38

What are some ADH drugs?

Answer 38

DDAVP simate minirin

Question 39

What are some adverse drug reactions to ADH?

Answer 39

hyponatremia, vasoconstriction with vasopression seizures (b/c hyponatremic)

Question 40

Why should hydrocortisone be given with meals?

Answer 40

decrease GI upset and mimic normal cortisol secretions in the morning and adjusted dose in the evening

Question 41

What kind of diet should people be on with glucocorticoid therapy?

Answer 41

high protein, calcium and potassium lower sodium and carbs

Question 42

Metformin is contraindicated for what?

Answer 42

contrast procedures