Week 6 - Cardiac Flashcards
Congenital Heart Disease
Cyanotic heart disease - decreased pulmonary flow
Acyanotic heart disease
Ventricular septal defect
Most common congenital heart disease
VSD symptoms in age 2-12
Diaphoresis, poor feeding, failure to thrive SOB, recurrent chest infection exercise intolerance Tachypnoea tachycardia murmur
Treatment of VSD
Anticongestive therapy
- diuretics
- digoxin
Surgical Closure
3-12
ASD
L-R shunt towards circulation in atria
ASD (atrial septal defect) clinical assessment
SOB
fatigue
split heart sounds
murmur
Diagnostics
CXR - chest x-ray - pulmonary enlargement and cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)
ECG
Echo - RA & RV enlargement
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
L-R Shunt
- Asymptomatic
Diaphoresis
poor feeding
Treatment aggressive ventilation (pulmonary oedema)
PDA closure
cardiac catheter occlusion
Coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing in the aortic arch - which will increase resistance and decrease the flow pass the obstruction
Treatment
Surgery
Tertraology of Fallot
large ventricular defect
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy
Treatment
Surgery
patch vsd
dilate RV outflow tract
Transposition of Great Arteries
Aorta and pulmonary artery connected to incorrect ventricles
Most common indication of cyanosis at birth
Treatment
Surgery - artery switch
Coronary Heart Disease in Adults
*Gradual build up of plaque
*narrowing of the arteries, increasing the workload
*
Aortic Valve disease in Adults
Either stenosis or regurgitation or both!
MAZE procedure
for chronic atrial fibrillation
non-responsive to medical therapy
Heart Surgery
For heart failure: cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle)
