Week 3 - Pain

Question 1

Acute pain is:

Answer 1

• cause is usually clear; obvious signs of injury or damage ie trauma or infection;
• may last a few days or weeks until healing completed;
• examples: dental abscess; bony fracture.

Question 2

Chronic pain is:

Answer 2

• prolonged

* disruptive

Question 3

Somatic pain:

Answer 3

originates near the skin, muscles, bones or connective tissue;
• Sharp sensation: e.g paper cut; sprained ankle;

Question 4

Visceral pain:

Answer 4

deep internal – difficult to establish exact location;

• Sensations include: throbbing; cramping; aching; often associated with feeling sick.

Question 5

Neuropathic pain:

Answer 5

damaged or malfunctioning nerves

Question 6

Pain threshold is:

Answer 6

The maximum intensity of a stimulus that is painful

Question 7

Pain tolerance is:

Answer 7

Maximum intensity of pain producing stimulus that a subject is willing to accept in any given situation

Question 8

Allodynia is:

Answer 8

Pain due to a stimulus that would not normally illicit a painful response

Question 9

Hyperalgesia is:

Answer 9

Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain

Question 10

PQRST

Answer 10

P - Provoking factors of pain
Q - Quality of the pain - stabbing vs ache
R - Radiating - where is the pain? Location
S - Severity of the pain?
T - Timing - duration of the pain

Question 11

EAEM

Answer 11

Extended action epidural morphine - 
new drug
single shot - 48 hours 
long last analgesia
adverse effects - similiar to morphine
resp depression, nausea, constipation, pruritis

Question 12

FITS

Answer 12

Fentanyl Iontophoretic Transdermal System
novel controlled patient analgesia
avoids systemic risks
not TGA approved

Question 13

Multi modal approach

Answer 13

NSAIDS and opioids
Less opioids needed
reduction in side effects

Question 14

Adjuvants (are different compounds that have undesired effects alone or low potency, but with opioids it can reduce narcotic intake)

Answer 14

Capsaicin
Can be a cream or injectable analgesic
Component of chilli peppers
Stimulates and decrease the sensitivity

Ketamine
Various routes
Blocks the release of excitorary neurotransmitters
analgesia and amnesia - pt forgets they were in pain in the first place
Side effects: dizziness and blurred vision

Question 15

S4D - locked metal cabinet (different risks)

Answer 15

Liable to misuse and abuse

E.g Midazolam

Question 16

S8

Answer 16

Schedule 8 - controlled drug