Week 6 - Anatomy of Intestines

Question 1

What is the most common site of duodenal ulcers?

Answer 1

-Superior duodenum (duodenal cap)

Question 2

Which part of the duodenum contains the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 2

-Descending

Question 3

What is DJ flexure?

Answer 3

-Deuodenaljejunal flexure between ascending duodenum and jejunum

Question 4

What is the suspensory muscle of duodenum?

Answer 4

-Located at DJ flexure contration of this muscle increases the angle to facilitate movement of intestinal contents

Question 5

What are the two major causes of duodenal ulcers?

Answer 5

• H.Pylori

- Chronic NSAID use

Question 6

What are 2 possible complications of duodenal ulcers?

Answer 6

• Erosion into the gastroduodenal artery

- Perforation of the bowel leading to peritonitis

Question 7

What is the ileocecal junction?

Answer 7

-Where ileum invaginates into cecum to form ileocecal valve

Question 8

What is the function of ileocecal valve?

Answer 8

-Prevent reflux

Question 9

Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the small bowel

Answer 9

• Duodenum before major duodenal papilla ->gastroduodenal
• Duodenum after MDP-> inferior pancreaticoduodenal
• Jejunoileum -> SMA branches into arcades ->vasarecta
• Venous drainage follows the arteries into HPV

Question 10

Where does the IMV drain into?

Answer 10

-Splenic vein

Question 11

Describe the branches of the SMA

Answer 11

• Ileocecal
• Right colic
• Middle colic
• > anastamose to form marginal artery

Question 12

From which side of the aorta does the SMA arise?

Answer 12

-Right

Question 13

What are paracolic gutters?

Answer 13

-Empty spaces next to the ascending/descending colon where fluid can collect

Question 14

Where would to cecum be palpated if enlarged?

Answer 14

-RIF

Question 15

What are the flexures in the colon?

Answer 15

• Hepatic on the right

- Splenic on the left

Question 16

What are the 3 types of tenia? What is there function?

Answer 16

• Omental
• Mesocolic
• Free
• Large strips of muscle which contract to shorten the wall of the bowel and form haustra

Question 17

Where is the appendix?

Answer 17

-Joint to the cecum

Question 18

What are haustra?

Answer 18

-Pouches formed by tenia coli

Question 19

What is the rectal ampulla?

Answer 19

-Widest part of the rectum

Question 20

What are omental appendices?

Answer 20

-Small fat filled pouches of peritoneum which cover the colon

Question 21

What is the watershed area in the colon?

Answer 21

-Splenic flexure -> Most susceptible to ischaemia when bp is low as there is no direct blood supply -> only served by anastamoses

Question 22

What is the pouch of douglas?

Answer 22

-A space in women formed by the posterior wall of the uterus and the rectum

Question 23

What is the retro-vesicle pouch?

Answer 23

-A space in men formed by posterior wall of bladder and colon

Question 24

What is the significance of the pouches in the pelvis?

Answer 24

-Fluid can accumulate here during disease

Question 25

What is the main function of the colon?

Answer 25

-Water reabsorption

Question 26

What is appendicitis?

Answer 26

-Acute inflammation of the appendix

Question 27

Where is the tenderness felt in appendicitis once localised?

Answer 27

-Mc Burneys point

Question 28

What is the cause of appendicitis?

Answer 28

• Proliferation of lymphoid tissue, faecolif, helminth, causes blockage
• Stasis of contents and multiplication of bacteria

Question 29

Describe the branches of the IMA

Answer 29

• Left colic
• Sigmoid
• Becomes superior rectal
• > anastamose to form marginal artery

Question 30

How is the duodenum connected to the liver?

Answer 30

-Hepatoduodenal ligament