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GI > Week 5 - Liver, biliary tree and pancreas anatomy > Flashcards

Week 5 - Liver, biliary tree and pancreas anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What structures lie posterior to the liver?

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Gall bladder
  • 1st part of duodenum
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2
Q

Descrube the diaphragmatic surface of the liver

A

-Smooth and convex with a bare area which is not covered by visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

Describe the ligaments of the liver

A
  • Falciform -> anterior liver to anterior abdominal wall and contains ligamentum teres
  • Coronary ligament -> superior liver to diaphragm
  • Triangular ligaments ->outside of coronary ligament and attach superior surface to diaphragm
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4
Q

What is ligamentum teres?

A

-Remnant of umbilical vein

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5
Q

Describe the relationship between liver and lesser omentum

A

-attached to liver via hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments of lesser omentum

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6
Q

how is the liver secured to the IVC?

A

-Posteriorly by hepatic veins and fibrous tissue

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7
Q

What is the name of the capsule of the liver?

A

-Glisson’s capsule

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8
Q

What is a hepatic recess? Name the hepatic recesses and their locations

A
  • Hepatic recesses are spaces between the liver and its surroundings
  • Subphrenic -> between diaphragm and liver
  • Subhepatic-> between inferior liver and transverse colon
  • Morrison’s pouch -> between posterior liver and right kidney
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9
Q

Why are hepatic recess of interest?

A

-Fluids can collect in these spaces

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10
Q

Describe the lobes of the liver

A
  • Right and left lobes diveded by falciform
  • Caudate lobe on superior posterior right lobe
  • Quadrate lobe on inferior posterior right lobe between gall bladder and fossa of ligamentum teres
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11
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A
  • Between caudate and quadrate lobe

- Transmits all vessels, nerves and ducts entering/leaving the liver

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12
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the liver

A

-Hepatic artery proper derived from common hepatic artery of celiac trunk

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13
Q

Describe the venous drainage to and from the liver

A
  • Hepatic portal vein supplies the liver with all deoxygenated blood carrying nutrients absorbed from small intestine
  • 3 hepatic veins take clean blood to IVC
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14
Q

What converges to make portal vein?

A
  • SMA

- Splenic vein

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15
Q

State the nerve supply to the liver

A
  • Symp = celiac plexus

- Parasym = vagus

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16
Q

Describe splenic rupture

A
  • Often caused by blunt/penetrating trauma or left rib fractures
  • Break in fibroelastic capsule causes profuse bleeding
17
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

-Store bile

18
Q

Describe the connections of the biliary tree

A
  • Left and right hepatic ducts form common hepatic bile duct from liver which becomes common bile duct after cystic duct joins
  • Common bile duct goes into amuplla of varter after pancratic duct joins
  • Enters 2nd part of duodenum through major duodenal papilla controlled by sphincter of oddi
19
Q

To what organ is the biliary tree bound?

A

-Posterior liver

20
Q

What artery supplies the gall bladder and billary tree? From where is it derived?

A
  • Cystic artery

- Hepatic artery proper

21
Q

What is the result of parasympathetic innervation to gall bladder?

A

-Contraction and secretion

22
Q

Which hormone has a major secretory effect on the gall bladder?

A

-Cholecystokinin

23
Q

From where is cholecystokinin secreted?

A

-Duodenum

24
Q

What are the common complications of gallstones?

A
  • Pain
  • Jaundice
  • Cholecystitis
25
Q

What are the 3 types of gall stones?

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Pigment
  • Mixed
26
Q

What are risk factors for gall stones?

A
  • High cholesterol
  • Increased age
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
27
Q

In who are gall stones more common?

A

-Women

28
Q

What is the treatment for gallstones?

A
  • Lifestyle changes

- Cholecystectomy

29
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

-To filter blood and remove old RBCs

30
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

-Intraperitoneal organ in ULQ behind ribs 9-11

31
Q

Can the spleen be palpated in a healthy patient?

A

-No

32
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

-Secrete digestive enzymes

33
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

-Secrete hormones

34
Q

Where is the pancreas?

A
  • Retroperitoneal

- Posterior to stomach with head in duodenum and tail in splenic hilum

35
Q

Where is the unicate process of the pancreas?

A

-Neck overlying SMA/SMV

36
Q

Describe how the digestive enzymes enter the duodenum

A

-Acini secrete digestive enzymes into intralobular collecting ducts which join to form the pancreatic duct which unites with common bile duct

37
Q

Name the structures in the porta hepatis

A

-Hepatic portal vein, common hepatic artery and common bile duct

38
Q

What arteries supply the pancreas?

A

-superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal

39
Q

Describe the location of the liver

A

-Peritoneal organ in RUQ (right hypochondrium to epigastrium)

GI (16 decks)

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