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2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health > Week 6-9 > Flashcards

Week 6-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Errors of Omission

A
  • Result of actions not taken
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2
Q

Errors of Commission

A
  • Result of wrong action taken
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3
Q

Near Miss

A
  • Event that could have resulted in unwanted consequences but did not occur
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4
Q

Structured Communication

A
  • Focus on problem
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5
Q

Ineffective Communication

A
  • Indirect speaking
  • Hint & hope approach
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6
Q

Situation - SBAR

A
  • Introduce self & patient
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7
Q

Background - SBAR

A
  • Relevant medical background
  • Reason for admission
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8
Q

Assessment - SBAR

A
  • Pressing health concern and body systems effected
  • Relevant assessment findings
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9
Q

Recommendation - SBAR

A
  • See patient now
  • Assess patient x time
  • Transfer patient
  • Monitoring/investigation needs
  • Continued management
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10
Q

Pain

A
  • Unpleasant sensory & emotional experience
  • Associated with actual/potential tissue damage
  • Subjective
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11
Q

Nociceptive Pain

A
  • Damage to somatic/visceral tissue
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12
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A
  • Damage to nerve cells/changes in spinal cord processing
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13
Q

Acute Pain

A
  • Days to months
  • Easier to identify
  • Resolves
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14
Q

Chronic Pain

A
  • 6+months
  • Impacts quality of life
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15
Q

Analgesic Types

A
  • NSAIDS/non-opioid
  • Opioids
  • Co-analgesic/adjuvant
  • Align to level of pain
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16
Q

Codeine

A
  • Increased metabolism leads to oversedation
  • Not used below 12 years
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17
Q

Pediatric Considerations

A
  • Assessment scales (FLACC)
  • Infants 1+months metabolize drugs the same as children
  • Addiction to opioids rare in children
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18
Q

Elderly Considerations

A
  • Start low and go slow
  • Comorbidities (cognitive, heart failure, drug interaction)
  • NSAIDS
  • Constipation
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19
Q

Opioid Side Effects

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Hallucinations
  • Confusion
  • GI upset
  • Urine retention
  • Respiratory depression
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20
Q

Addiction

A
  • Behaviour
  • Impaired drug use control
  • Compulsive use
  • Continued use despite harm
  • Craving
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21
Q

Tolerance

A
  • Exposure to drug induces changes
  • Result in decreased drug effect over time
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22
Q

Overdose Treatment

A
  • Narcan/naloxone
  • Effective treatment exists (10% of people get it)
  • Revived & discharged
  • Harm reduction (safe consumption site)
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23
Q

Needs of an Addict

A
  • Physical & emotional pain
  • SBN & trust
  • Human connection & opportunity to ask for help
  • Simple acts of kindness
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24
Q

Opioid Crisis

A
  • Misunderstanding of addictive risk
  • Frequent high amounts of prescribing
  • Lack of access to prescriptions - illicit use
  • Contamination
  • Stigma towards substance use disorders
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25
Q

Venipuncture

A
  • Vein is punctured through the skin by a sharp rigid stylet
  • Both IV therapy & blood specimen procurement
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26
Q

Primary Line

A
  • Main line
  • 1L bag of solution
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27
Q

Secondary Line

A
  • Medication mini bag
  • Piggyback
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28
Q

Bolus

A
  • Large volume over short period
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29
Q

Push

A
  • Syringe directly into vein
30
Q

Patent

A
  • Any tube that is flowing, no blockages
31
Q

IV Purpose

A
  • Works quickly
  • Administer different things (meds in various forms, blood transfusion)
  • Replaces water/electrolytes
  • Nutrition
32
Q

Parenteral Replacement

A
  • Nutrition given via route other than digestive track
  • TPN, total parenteral nutrition
  • Given via blood
33
Q

Crystalloids

A
  • Glucose sodium chloride, ringer’s lactate
  • Electrolytes cross semi-permeable membrane
34
Q

Colloids

A
  • Albumin, pentaspan, PRBCs (blood product)
  • Larger molecules, don’t cross membrane
35
Q

Isotonic Solution

A
  • Osmolarity of 300, no fluid shift
  • Rehydration
  • Expanding/replacing volume (ECF losses)
  • 0.9% NaCl
36
Q

D5W Considerations

A
  • Isotonic outside the body
  • Hypotonic inside the body
37
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A
  • Intravascular from intracellular/interstitial
  • Not used for dehydration
  • Used for electrolyte replacement
  • Stabilize blood pressure
  • Renal & heart failure caution
38
Q

Hypotonic Soultion

A
  • Fluid shift from intravascular into interstitial
  • Used for hydrating ICF & interstitial spaces
  • 0.45% NaCl
39
Q

Potassium K+

A
  • Ensure client has adequate kidney function
  • NPO with kidney function add K+ to solution
  • 3.5-5mmol/L
  • Cardiac dysrhythmia if given as bolus/push
40
Q

Peripheral IV

A
  • Distance to heart/central circulation
41
Q

Central IV

A
  • Decreased infiltration risk
  • Disperses quicker (less irritating to vein)
  • Long term
42
Q

PICC Line

A
  • Peripherally inserted central catheter
  • Tip sits above heart
  • Stay in for 3 months
43
Q

Tunneled/Portacath Line

A
  • Implanted surgically underneath skin
  • Forms infection barrier
44
Q

Subclavian Line

A
  • Shorter term than other central lines
  • Emergency/acute access
45
Q

Angiocath

A
  • Peripheral IV insertion
  • Backflow of blood when hit the vein
  • Left behind in vein, attach tubing
46
Q

Arm Board

A
  • Prevent arm from bending to keep IV flowing
  • Vein in neutral position
47
Q

Volume Control Device

A
  • Below IV bag
  • Clamp between bag & patient
  • Allows for intermittent flow
48
Q

Run Away Fluid

A
  • Sudden increase in flow rate
49
Q

Infiltration

A
  • Tip of angiocath slips out of vein
  • Fluid leaks into surrounding skin
  • Reinsert in a different limb
50
Q

Extravasation

A
  • Leakage of tissue damaging medication
51
Q

Phlebitis

A
  • Inflammation around IV site causing blood clot to form
  • Reinsert in a different vein
52
Q

Air Embolism

A
  • Air/gas into vascular system
  • Tubing not primed or primed while attached to patient
53
Q

Sepsis

A
  • Immune system response to infection
  • Bacteria within the IV
54
Q

Hematoma

A
  • Blood collects underneath skin
  • Leakage from vessel into soft tissue
55
Q

Teaching

A
  • Interactive process promoting learning
  • Requires effective communication
56
Q

Good Teachers

A
  • Empathetic listening
  • Observe astutely
  • Speak clearly
57
Q

Learning

A
  • Confirm predictions or change them
  • Identify need for knowing/acquiring ability
58
Q

Teaching Approaches

A
  • 1:1
  • Group
  • Analogies/metaphors
  • Role playing
  • Simulation
  • Evaluation
59
Q

Knowledge

A
  • Acquisition & use of information from formal sources
60
Q

Informed Consent

A
  • Health care consent act
  • Governs who makes treatment decisions for someone incapable of making their own
61
Q

Hierarchy of Substitute Decision Makers

A
  1. Court-appointed guardian
  2. POA for personal care
  3. Appointed by consent & capacity board
  4. Spouse/partner
  5. Child or partner (>16)
  6. Parent who has right of access
  7. Brother/sister
  8. Any other relative
  9. Public guardian & trustee (last resort)
62
Q

Goals of Client Education

A
  • Promote health & prevent disease
  • Restoring health
  • Optimizing quality of life with impaired functioning
63
Q

Cognitive Learning Domain

A
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Remembering, thinking, comprehension
64
Q

Affective Learning Domain

A
  • Emotions & values
65
Q

Psychomotor Learning Domain

A
  • Motor skills
66
Q

Ability to Learn Considerations

A
  • Emotional capability
  • Intellectual capability
  • Physical capability
  • Developmental stage
67
Q

Selling Approach

A
  • Two-way communication
68
Q

Participation Approach

A
  • Mutual goals & feedback
69
Q

Entrusting Approach

A
  • Self-care
70
Q

Reinforcing Approach

A
  • Positive feedback
71
Q

Elderly Learning Differences

A
  • Processing speed
  • Sensory
  • Hearing/volume
  • Printed materials
72
Q

Motivation & Transtheoretical Model of Change

A
  • Precontemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Preparation
  • Action
  • Maintenance

2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health (4 decks)

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