Week 6-9 Flashcards
1
Q
Errors of Omission
A
- Result of actions not taken
2
Q
Errors of Commission
A
- Result of wrong action taken
3
Q
Near Miss
A
- Event that could have resulted in unwanted consequences but did not occur
4
Q
Structured Communication
A
- Focus on problem
5
Q
Ineffective Communication
A
- Indirect speaking
- Hint & hope approach
6
Q
Situation - SBAR
A
- Introduce self & patient
7
Q
Background - SBAR
A
- Relevant medical background
- Reason for admission
8
Q
Assessment - SBAR
A
- Pressing health concern and body systems effected
- Relevant assessment findings
9
Q
Recommendation - SBAR
A
- See patient now
- Assess patient x time
- Transfer patient
- Monitoring/investigation needs
- Continued management
10
Q
Pain
A
- Unpleasant sensory & emotional experience
- Associated with actual/potential tissue damage
- Subjective
11
Q
Nociceptive Pain
A
- Damage to somatic/visceral tissue
12
Q
Neuropathic Pain
A
- Damage to nerve cells/changes in spinal cord processing
13
Q
Acute Pain
A
- Days to months
- Easier to identify
- Resolves
14
Q
Chronic Pain
A
- 6+months
- Impacts quality of life
15
Q
Analgesic Types
A
- NSAIDS/non-opioid
- Opioids
- Co-analgesic/adjuvant
- Align to level of pain
16
Q
Codeine
A
- Increased metabolism leads to oversedation
- Not used below 12 years
17
Q
Pediatric Considerations
A
- Assessment scales (FLACC)
- Infants 1+months metabolize drugs the same as children
- Addiction to opioids rare in children
18
Q
Elderly Considerations
A
- Start low and go slow
- Comorbidities (cognitive, heart failure, drug interaction)
- NSAIDS
- Constipation
19
Q
Opioid Side Effects
A
- Drowsiness
- Hallucinations
- Confusion
- GI upset
- Urine retention
- Respiratory depression
20
Q
Addiction
A
- Behaviour
- Impaired drug use control
- Compulsive use
- Continued use despite harm
- Craving
21
Q
Tolerance
A
- Exposure to drug induces changes
- Result in decreased drug effect over time
22
Q
Overdose Treatment
A
- Narcan/naloxone
- Effective treatment exists (10% of people get it)
- Revived & discharged
- Harm reduction (safe consumption site)
23
Q
Needs of an Addict
A
- Physical & emotional pain
- SBN & trust
- Human connection & opportunity to ask for help
- Simple acts of kindness
24
Q
Opioid Crisis
A
- Misunderstanding of addictive risk
- Frequent high amounts of prescribing
- Lack of access to prescriptions - illicit use
- Contamination
- Stigma towards substance use disorders
25
Q
Venipuncture
A
- Vein is punctured through the skin by a sharp rigid stylet
- Both IV therapy & blood specimen procurement
26
Q
Primary Line
A
- Main line
- 1L bag of solution
27
Q
Secondary Line
A
- Medication mini bag
- Piggyback
28
Q
Bolus
A
- Large volume over short period
29
Q
Push
A
- Syringe directly into vein
30
Q
Patent
A
- Any tube that is flowing, no blockages
31
Q
IV Purpose
A
- Works quickly
- Administer different things (meds in various forms, blood transfusion)
- Replaces water/electrolytes
- Nutrition
32
Q
Parenteral Replacement
A
- Nutrition given via route other than digestive track
- TPN, total parenteral nutrition
- Given via blood
33
Q
Crystalloids
A
- Glucose sodium chloride, ringer’s lactate
- Electrolytes cross semi-permeable membrane
34
Q
Colloids
A
- Albumin, pentaspan, PRBCs (blood product)
- Larger molecules, don’t cross membrane
35
Q
Isotonic Solution
A
- Osmolarity of 300, no fluid shift
- Rehydration
- Expanding/replacing volume (ECF losses)
- 0.9% NaCl
36
Q
D5W Considerations
A
- Isotonic outside the body
- Hypotonic inside the body
37
Q
Hypertonic Solutions
A
- Intravascular from intracellular/interstitial
- Not used for dehydration
- Used for electrolyte replacement
- Stabilize blood pressure
- Renal & heart failure caution
38
Q
Hypotonic Soultion
A
- Fluid shift from intravascular into interstitial
- Used for hydrating ICF & interstitial spaces
- 0.45% NaCl
39
Q
Potassium K+
A
- Ensure client has adequate kidney function
- NPO with kidney function add K+ to solution
- 3.5-5mmol/L
- Cardiac dysrhythmia if given as bolus/push
40
Q
Peripheral IV
A
- Distance to heart/central circulation
41
Q
Central IV
A
- Decreased infiltration risk
- Disperses quicker (less irritating to vein)
- Long term
42
Q
PICC Line
A
- Peripherally inserted central catheter
- Tip sits above heart
- Stay in for 3 months
43
Q
Tunneled/Portacath Line
A
- Implanted surgically underneath skin
- Forms infection barrier
44
Q
Subclavian Line
A
- Shorter term than other central lines
- Emergency/acute access
45
Q
Angiocath
A
- Peripheral IV insertion
- Backflow of blood when hit the vein
- Left behind in vein, attach tubing
46
Q
Arm Board
A
- Prevent arm from bending to keep IV flowing
- Vein in neutral position
47
Q
Volume Control Device
A
- Below IV bag
- Clamp between bag & patient
- Allows for intermittent flow
48
Q
Run Away Fluid
A
- Sudden increase in flow rate
49
Q
Infiltration
A
- Tip of angiocath slips out of vein
- Fluid leaks into surrounding skin
- Reinsert in a different limb
50
Q
Extravasation
A
- Leakage of tissue damaging medication
51
Q
Phlebitis
A
- Inflammation around IV site causing blood clot to form
- Reinsert in a different vein
52
Q
Air Embolism
A
- Air/gas into vascular system
- Tubing not primed or primed while attached to patient
53
Q
Sepsis
A
- Immune system response to infection
- Bacteria within the IV
54
Q
Hematoma
A
- Blood collects underneath skin
- Leakage from vessel into soft tissue
55
Q
Teaching
A
- Interactive process promoting learning
- Requires effective communication
56
Q
Good Teachers
A
- Empathetic listening
- Observe astutely
- Speak clearly
57
Q
Learning
A
- Confirm predictions or change them
- Identify need for knowing/acquiring ability
58
Q
Teaching Approaches
A
- 1:1
- Group
- Analogies/metaphors
- Role playing
- Simulation
- Evaluation
59
Q
Knowledge
A
- Acquisition & use of information from formal sources
60
Q
Informed Consent
A
- Health care consent act
- Governs who makes treatment decisions for someone incapable of making their own
61
Q
Hierarchy of Substitute Decision Makers
A
- Court-appointed guardian
- POA for personal care
- Appointed by consent & capacity board
- Spouse/partner
- Child or partner (>16)
- Parent who has right of access
- Brother/sister
- Any other relative
- Public guardian & trustee (last resort)
62
Q
Goals of Client Education
A
- Promote health & prevent disease
- Restoring health
- Optimizing quality of life with impaired functioning
63
Q
Cognitive Learning Domain
A
- Frontal Lobe
- Remembering, thinking, comprehension
64
Q
Affective Learning Domain
A
- Emotions & values
65
Q
Psychomotor Learning Domain
A
- Motor skills
66
Q
Ability to Learn Considerations
A
- Emotional capability
- Intellectual capability
- Physical capability
- Developmental stage
67
Q
Selling Approach
A
- Two-way communication
68
Q
Participation Approach
A
- Mutual goals & feedback
69
Q
Entrusting Approach
A
- Self-care
70
Q
Reinforcing Approach
A
- Positive feedback
71
Q
Elderly Learning Differences
A
- Processing speed
- Sensory
- Hearing/volume
- Printed materials
72
Q
Motivation & Transtheoretical Model of Change
A
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
