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2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health > Week 3-5 > Flashcards

Week 3-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Bedrest

A
  • Upright & locomotion fundamental to human condition
  • Short & prescribed treatment
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2
Q

Bedridden

A
  • Confined to bed
  • Social death
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3
Q

Bedrest Reasons

A
  • Major surgery
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Coma
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4
Q

Instability (1) Phase

A
  • Mobility aid or furniture walking
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5
Q

Incident (2) Phase

A
  • Event leading to hospitalization
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6
Q

Immobility (3) Phase

A
  • Confined to room
  • Increasingly restricted
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7
Q

Local Confinement (4) Phase

A
  • Increase dependency on others to move
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8
Q

Bedridden (5) Phase

A
  • In bed 24/7
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9
Q

Changing the Bedridden Phases

A
  • Incident prevention
  • Transfer knowledge
  • Avoiding assumptions
  • Strengths-based care
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10
Q

Mobility Predictors

A
  • Hearing
  • Eyesight
  • Foot conditions
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11
Q

Morse Fall Scale Components

A
  • Fall history
  • Secondary diagnosis
  • Mobility aid
  • Lines (IV, catheter, feeding tube)
  • Gait
  • Cognitive status
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12
Q

Cardiovascular Changes with Immobility

A
  • Increased workload
  • Slower blood return
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13
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A
  • Increases intrathoracic pressure
  • May cause dizziness
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14
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A
  • Heart works harder & less efficiently
  • Effects CO
  • Blood vessels slack off
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15
Q

Blood Flow Interventions

A
  • Anticoagulants
  • Raise feet
  • Compression socks
  • Hydration
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16
Q

Respiratory Function with Immobility

A
  • Decreased capacity
  • Secretions
  • Atelectasis
  • Narcotics
  • Pneumonia
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17
Q

Respiratory Interventions

A
  • Deep breathing & coughing
  • Repositioning every 2hrs
  • Pursed lip breathing
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18
Q

Physical Restraints

A
  • Limit movement
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19
Q

Environmental Restraints

A
  • Control mobility
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20
Q

Chemical Restraints

A
  • Impact mind
  • Pyschoactive
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21
Q

Perfusion

A
  • Ability to pump oxygenated blood to tissues
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22
Q

Ventilation

A
  • Gas exchange occurring in lungs
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23
Q

Diffusion

A
  • Molecules move from higher to lower concentration
  • Occurs at alveolar capillaries
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24
Q

Atelectasis

A
  • Alveoli blocked with mucus
  • Causes alveoli to collapse
  • Crackles on auscultation
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25
Inspiration
- Active process - Stimulated by chemical receptors
26
Expiration
- Passive process - Relies on elastic recoil of lungs
27
Aspiration
- Impaired swallow - Food, drink, foreign objects inhaled into lungs - Weak, ineffective cough
28
Hypoxia
- Inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level
29
Hypoxia Intervention
- Treatment of underlying disorder (fever, infection) - Supplemental oxygen
30
Hypoxia S&S
- Cyanosis/blue (late sign) - Anxiety (early sign) - Restlessness - Disoriented - LOC - Dyspnea - RR & pulse
31
Manifestations of Decreased Oxygenation
- Diaphoresis - Feeling unwell - Pleuritic chest pain (empyema) - Tachypnea - Dyspnea/SOB - Orthopnea - Fatigue/tire easily - Poor appetite/anorexia - Cough
32
Wheezes
- 'Musical' - Asthma/emphysema/COPD
33
COPD
- Chronic, progressive, airflow limitation - Difficult/uncomfortable breathing
34
COPD S&S
- Dyspnea - Fatigue
35
COPD Diagnosis
- Chest x-ray - Airflow testing (spirometry) - Arterial blood gas (advanced/baseline)
36
Pneumonia
- Inflammation of lung tissue by microorganism - Crackles on auscultation
37
CAP
- Community acquired pneumonia - Acquired outside the hospital
38
HAP
- Hospital acquired pneumonia - Occurs 48+hrs after hospital admission
39
VAP
- Ventilator associated pneumonia - Occurs 48+hrs after patient starts on ventilator
40
HCAP
- Healthcare associated pneumonia - Occurs in hospital or long-term care
41
Pneumonia Treatment
- Antibiotics - Steroids, more severe cases - Rest - Hydrate - Symptom management (tylenol etc)
42
Pneumonia Interventions
- Teaching (prevention, care, vaccination of family) - H/H hydration & humidification - Oxygen - Rest - Nutrition - Suction - Deep breathing/coughing - Chest physiotherapy (resp therapist)
43
Chest Physiotherapy
- Mobilizations of secretions - Chest wall percussion to stimulate cough
44
Pneumonia Diagnosis
- Chest x-ray (posterior, anterior, lateral) - History - Physical - Blood test culture and sensitivity (C&S) - Sputum C&S
45
Supplemental Oxygen
- Administer then contact physician (emergency) - Not preclude treatment of underlying hypoxia/dyspnea - Deep breathing & coughing FIRST
46
Supplemental Oxygen Side Effects
- Atelectasis - Pulmonary edema - Continuously monitor
47
ABG Test
- Arterial blood gas - Taken from wrist - Tests for acid base balance
48
Kidneys
- Metabolic - Regulate HCO3 in ECF - Slow compensation (hours-days)
49
Lungs
- Respiratory - Regulate CO2 & carbonic acid - Increase RR - Rapid compensation
50
Respiratory Acidosis
- Increase in H2CO3 - pH less than 7.35
51
Respiratory Acidosis Causes
- Opioids - Neuro (ALS) - Pneumonia
52
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Decrease in H2CO3 - pH greater than 7.45
53
Respiratory Alkalosis Causes
- Anxiety - Pulmonary embolism
54
Metabolic Acidosis
- Gain of acid - Loss of base - pH less than 7.35
55
Metabolic Acidosis Causes
- Severe diarrhea - Diabetes
56
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Loss of acid - Gain of base - pH greater than 7.45
57
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
- Antacids - Severe vomiting - NGT to suction (sxn)
58
Normal Bacteria Flora
- Microorganisms that reside in & on the body - Need them to survive
59
Impairment of Normal Flora
- Lead to infection - Harmful micrograms when normal is out of balance
60
Colonization
- Microorganisms present without host interference/interaction
61
Infection
- Host interaction with an organism
62
Infectious Disease
- Host displays a decline in wellness due to infection
63
Non-Infectious Disease
- Host interacts immunologically with an organism but remains symptom free
64
Incubation Period
- Entrance of microorganisms to host - To development of symptoms - May take time to develop symptoms
65
Prodromal Stage
- Development of non-specific to specific symptoms
66
Illness Stage
- Onset of specific signs & symptoms - Commencement of illness
67
Convalescence
- Symptoms disappear - Return to baseline/normal
68
Surgical Asepsis
- Procedures that eliminate all microorganisms including spores
69
Medical Asepsis
- Procedures used to reduce & prevent spread
70
Disinfection
- Elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores - Involves chemical, heat, ultra-violet light
71
Sterilization
- Destruction of all microorganisms
72
Resident Bacteria
- Found under/on skin surface - Less likely to be associated with infection
73
Transient Bacteria
- Acquired through direct patient contact - More amenable to hand hygiene removal
74
HCAI
- Healthcare associated infection - Acquired in hospital after admission - Can appear after discharge
75
High Risk HCAIs
- Surgical site infections - UTIs (catheters) - Bloodstream infections (intravascular devices) - Pneumonia (ventilators)
76
Iron Level Test
- Decreased with chronic infection
77
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
- Elevated with inflammation
78
C-Reactive Protein
- Detects inflammation
79
C&S
- Determines bacteria resistance to antibiotics - Blood, urine, wound, sputum
80
CBC
- Complete blood count - Detects infection through WBC levels

2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health (4 decks)

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