Week 3-5 Flashcards
1
Q
Bedrest
A
- Upright & locomotion fundamental to human condition
- Short & prescribed treatment
2
Q
Bedridden
A
- Confined to bed
- Social death
3
Q
Bedrest Reasons
A
- Major surgery
- Spinal cord injury
- Coma
4
Q
Instability (1) Phase
A
- Mobility aid or furniture walking
5
Q
Incident (2) Phase
A
- Event leading to hospitalization
6
Q
Immobility (3) Phase
A
- Confined to room
- Increasingly restricted
7
Q
Local Confinement (4) Phase
A
- Increase dependency on others to move
8
Q
Bedridden (5) Phase
A
- In bed 24/7
9
Q
Changing the Bedridden Phases
A
- Incident prevention
- Transfer knowledge
- Avoiding assumptions
- Strengths-based care
10
Q
Mobility Predictors
A
- Hearing
- Eyesight
- Foot conditions
11
Q
Morse Fall Scale Components
A
- Fall history
- Secondary diagnosis
- Mobility aid
- Lines (IV, catheter, feeding tube)
- Gait
- Cognitive status
12
Q
Cardiovascular Changes with Immobility
A
- Increased workload
- Slower blood return
13
Q
Valsalva Maneuver
A
- Increases intrathoracic pressure
- May cause dizziness
14
Q
Orthostatic Hypotension
A
- Heart works harder & less efficiently
- Effects CO
- Blood vessels slack off
15
Q
Blood Flow Interventions
A
- Anticoagulants
- Raise feet
- Compression socks
- Hydration
16
Q
Respiratory Function with Immobility
A
- Decreased capacity
- Secretions
- Atelectasis
- Narcotics
- Pneumonia
17
Q
Respiratory Interventions
A
- Deep breathing & coughing
- Repositioning every 2hrs
- Pursed lip breathing
18
Q
Physical Restraints
A
- Limit movement
19
Q
Environmental Restraints
A
- Control mobility
20
Q
Chemical Restraints
A
- Impact mind
- Pyschoactive
21
Q
Perfusion
A
- Ability to pump oxygenated blood to tissues
22
Q
Ventilation
A
- Gas exchange occurring in lungs
23
Q
Diffusion
A
- Molecules move from higher to lower concentration
- Occurs at alveolar capillaries
24
Q
Atelectasis
A
- Alveoli blocked with mucus
- Causes alveoli to collapse
- Crackles on auscultation
25
Q
Inspiration
A
- Active process
- Stimulated by chemical receptors
26
Q
Expiration
A
- Passive process
- Relies on elastic recoil of lungs
27
Q
Aspiration
A
- Impaired swallow
- Food, drink, foreign objects inhaled into lungs
- Weak, ineffective cough
28
Q
Hypoxia
A
- Inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level
29
Q
Hypoxia Intervention
A
- Treatment of underlying disorder (fever, infection)
- Supplemental oxygen
30
Q
Hypoxia S&S
A
- Cyanosis/blue (late sign)
- Anxiety (early sign)
- Restlessness
- Disoriented
- LOC
- Dyspnea
- RR & pulse
31
Q
Manifestations of Decreased Oxygenation
A
- Diaphoresis
- Feeling unwell
- Pleuritic chest pain (empyema)
- Tachypnea
- Dyspnea/SOB
- Orthopnea
- Fatigue/tire easily
- Poor appetite/anorexia
- Cough
32
Q
Wheezes
A
- ‘Musical’
- Asthma/emphysema/COPD
33
Q
COPD
A
- Chronic, progressive, airflow limitation
- Difficult/uncomfortable breathing
34
Q
COPD S&S
A
- Dyspnea
- Fatigue
35
Q
COPD Diagnosis
A
- Chest x-ray
- Airflow testing (spirometry)
- Arterial blood gas (advanced/baseline)
36
Q
Pneumonia
A
- Inflammation of lung tissue by microorganism
- Crackles on auscultation
37
Q
CAP
A
- Community acquired pneumonia
- Acquired outside the hospital
38
Q
HAP
A
- Hospital acquired pneumonia
- Occurs 48+hrs after hospital admission
39
Q
VAP
A
- Ventilator associated pneumonia
- Occurs 48+hrs after patient starts on ventilator
40
Q
HCAP
A
- Healthcare associated pneumonia
- Occurs in hospital or long-term care
41
Q
Pneumonia Treatment
A
- Antibiotics
- Steroids, more severe cases
- Rest
- Hydrate
- Symptom management (tylenol etc)
42
Q
Pneumonia Interventions
A
- Teaching (prevention, care, vaccination of family)
- H/H hydration & humidification
- Oxygen
- Rest
- Nutrition
- Suction
- Deep breathing/coughing
- Chest physiotherapy (resp therapist)
43
Q
Chest Physiotherapy
A
- Mobilizations of secretions
- Chest wall percussion to stimulate cough
44
Q
Pneumonia Diagnosis
A
- Chest x-ray (posterior, anterior, lateral)
- History
- Physical
- Blood test culture and sensitivity (C&S)
- Sputum C&S
45
Q
Supplemental Oxygen
A
- Administer then contact physician (emergency)
- Not preclude treatment of underlying hypoxia/dyspnea
- Deep breathing & coughing FIRST
46
Q
Supplemental Oxygen Side Effects
A
- Atelectasis
- Pulmonary edema
- Continuously monitor
47
Q
ABG Test
A
- Arterial blood gas
- Taken from wrist
- Tests for acid base balance
48
Q
Kidneys
A
- Metabolic
- Regulate HCO3 in ECF
- Slow compensation (hours-days)
49
Q
Lungs
A
- Respiratory
- Regulate CO2 & carbonic acid
- Increase RR
- Rapid compensation
50
Q
Respiratory Acidosis
A
- Increase in H2CO3
- pH less than 7.35
51
Q
Respiratory Acidosis Causes
A
- Opioids
- Neuro (ALS)
- Pneumonia
52
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis
A
- Decrease in H2CO3
- pH greater than 7.45
53
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis Causes
A
- Anxiety
- Pulmonary embolism
54
Q
Metabolic Acidosis
A
- Gain of acid
- Loss of base
- pH less than 7.35
55
Q
Metabolic Acidosis Causes
A
- Severe diarrhea
- Diabetes
56
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis
A
- Loss of acid
- Gain of base
- pH greater than 7.45
57
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
A
- Antacids
- Severe vomiting
- NGT to suction (sxn)
58
Q
Normal Bacteria Flora
A
- Microorganisms that reside in & on the body
- Need them to survive
59
Q
Impairment of Normal Flora
A
- Lead to infection
- Harmful micrograms when normal is out of balance
60
Q
Colonization
A
- Microorganisms present without host interference/interaction
61
Q
Infection
A
- Host interaction with an organism
62
Q
Infectious Disease
A
- Host displays a decline in wellness due to infection
63
Q
Non-Infectious Disease
A
- Host interacts immunologically with an organism but remains symptom free
64
Q
Incubation Period
A
- Entrance of microorganisms to host
- To development of symptoms
- May take time to develop symptoms
65
Q
Prodromal Stage
A
- Development of non-specific to specific symptoms
66
Q
Illness Stage
A
- Onset of specific signs & symptoms
- Commencement of illness
67
Q
Convalescence
A
- Symptoms disappear
- Return to baseline/normal
68
Q
Surgical Asepsis
A
- Procedures that eliminate all microorganisms including spores
69
Q
Medical Asepsis
A
- Procedures used to reduce & prevent spread
70
Q
Disinfection
A
- Elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores
- Involves chemical, heat, ultra-violet light
71
Q
Sterilization
A
- Destruction of all microorganisms
72
Q
Resident Bacteria
A
- Found under/on skin surface
- Less likely to be associated with infection
73
Q
Transient Bacteria
A
- Acquired through direct patient contact
- More amenable to hand hygiene removal
74
Q
HCAI
A
- Healthcare associated infection
- Acquired in hospital after admission
- Can appear after discharge
75
Q
High Risk HCAIs
A
- Surgical site infections
- UTIs (catheters)
- Bloodstream infections (intravascular devices)
- Pneumonia (ventilators)
76
Q
Iron Level Test
A
- Decreased with chronic infection
77
Q
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
A
- Elevated with inflammation
78
Q
C-Reactive Protein
A
- Detects inflammation
79
Q
C&S
A
- Determines bacteria resistance to antibiotics
- Blood, urine, wound, sputum
80
Q
CBC
A
- Complete blood count
- Detects infection through WBC levels
