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2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health > Week 10-12 > Flashcards

Week 10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

History of Canada’s Food Guide

A
  • Started in 1940s
  • Values set to fatten up soldiers
  • Develop from testing on Indigenous children
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2
Q

Proper Portions

A
  • 1/2 plate fruits/veg
  • 1/4 plate protein
  • 1/4 plate carbs
  • Make water drink of choice
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3
Q

Food Deserts

A
  • Access barriers
  • Connivence stores become primary option - expensive
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4
Q

High Fibre

A
  • Lower LDL cholesterol
  • Lower blood sugar
  • Decrease cancer risk
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5
Q

High Protein

A
  • Delays carb absorption & hunger
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6
Q

Potassium

A
  • Maintain normal fluid levels within cells
  • Muscle contraction
  • Normal blood pressure
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7
Q

Sodium

A
  • Maintain normal fluid levels outside of cells
  • Hypertension risk - stroke/heart attack
  • Nerve impulse conduction
  • Muscle contraction/relaxation
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8
Q

Trans Fats

A
  • Artificially created HDLs & LDLs
  • Raise bad cholesterol
  • Lower good cholesterol
  • Risk of CV diseases
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9
Q

Saturated Fats

A
  • Occur naturally in diary, meat
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10
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A
  • Vegetable - corn oil
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11
Q

Polyunsaturated Fats

A
  • Beneficial - olive oil
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12
Q

Sugar Considerations

A
  • Reduced intake of free sugars throughout course of life (less than 10%)
  • Limit intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total calorie intake
  • 50g of free sugars consumed per day in a 2000 calorie diet
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13
Q

Alcohol

A
  • 0 drinks per week ‘safe amount’
  • Only carcinogen without warning labels
  • Leading cause of preventable death
  • Occurrence of malignant tumours (oral, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver)
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14
Q

Water

A
  • Drink according to thirst
  • 8 glasses of day is a myth
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15
Q

Albumin

A
  • protein levels
  • Malnutrition sign - low
  • Liver/kidney disease - low
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16
Q

Nitrogen

A
  • Blood urea nitrogen test (BUN)
  • Poor kidney function - high
  • Dehydration - high
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17
Q

Transferrin

A
  • Amount of iron in body
  • Predictor of protein status
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18
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Nutritional deficiencies may impact immune system
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19
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • Composed of protein & iron
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20
Q

Cholesterol

A
  • HDL, good
  • LDL, bad
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21
Q

Oral Health

A
  • High sugar
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
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22
Q

Dysphagia

A
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Change in voice tone/quality, altered gage, pocketing food, coughing
  • Caused by stork, dementia/confusion, motor function
  • Aspiration risk
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23
Q

Dysphagia Interventions

A
  • Changes to diet - SLP consult
  • NPO
  • IV - dehydration
  • TPN - hard on liver/veins (NPO for multiple days)
  • Enteral feeds - dehydration
  • Nasal gastric tube NGT
  • Gastrostomy G Tube
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24
Q

Enteral Feeds

A
  • Patients at high risk of aspiration
  • Provides essential nutrition
  • QOL impacts
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25
Q

Clinically Signifiant Malnutrition

A
  • Serum albumin below 3.5mg/100mL
  • Total lymphocyte count below 1800/mm3
  • Body weight decreased more than 15%
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26
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit

A
  • Decrease BP
  • Pulse tachycardic, weak, thready
  • Slowed cap refill
  • Flat neck veins
  • Lethargy
  • Less than 30mL output/hr - oliguria
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27
Q

Fluid Volume Overload

A
  • Increase body weight
  • Lower leg edema
  • Increase BP
  • Excess output - polyuria
  • Neck vein distension
  • Lung crackles
  • Confusion
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28
Q

Fluid Volume Interventions

A
  • Daily weigh ins
  • Client education
  • Secure access to safe water
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29
Q

Fluid Management

A
  • Encourage oral
  • Enteral (water flushes)
  • IV
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30
Q

Antibiotic History

A
  • Penicillin discovery in 1928
  • Used for infections in WWII soldiers
31
Q

Antibiotic Resistance

A
  • Overuse
  • Inappropriate prescribing
  • Extensive agriculture use - injected to humans when food is consumed
  • Few new antibiotics - no longer an economical investment
32
Q

Lymphocyte Levels

A
  • Elevated with inflammatory response
33
Q

Monocyte Level

A
  • Increased protozoal
  • TB
34
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • Increased parasitic
35
Q

Basophils

A
  • Normal with infection
36
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • Increased suppurative (pus) infection
  • Decreased overwhelming infection
37
Q

Infection Response

A
  • Remove offending body
  • Monitor vitals
  • Antibiotics
  • Wound care vs DB&C
  • Nutrition
  • Rest
38
Q

Ulcer Prevention

A
  • Sensory perception
  • Moisture
  • Activity
  • Mobility - ability to change position
  • Nutrition
  • Friction & shear
39
Q

Inflammatory Phase

A
  • Reaction to injury
40
Q

Proliferative Phase

A
  • Filling wound with granulation tissue, contraction, resurfacing
41
Q

Remodelling Phase

A
  • Scar formation
42
Q

Dehiscence

A
  • Splitting/bursting open of wound
43
Q

VAC

A
  • Decrease air pressure around wound to promote healing
44
Q

Common Vaccines

A
  • Flu
  • Pneumococcal >65
  • Shingles >65
  • Covid
  • Ebola
45
Q

Colon

A
  • Water absorption
46
Q

Age

A
  • Decreased peristalsis
  • Loss of pelvic floor strength
47
Q

Cystocele

A
  • Dropping of bladder into vagina due to muscle loss
48
Q

Rectocele

A
  • Dropping of rectum into vagina
49
Q

Constipation causing Medications - CAIAO

A
  • Calcium
  • Antibiotics
  • Iron - dark/black
  • Aspirin/NSAIDS
  • Opioids
50
Q

Norovirus

A
  • GI causing nausea/vomit
  • Common in LTC
51
Q

Clostridium Difficile (C-diff)

A
  • Gram positive
  • 65+
  • 3 unformed stools in 24hrs
52
Q

C-Diff Treatment

A
  • PPE
  • Abx stewardship - stop causing, start treatment
  • Fidaxomicin, flagyl, vancomycin - c-diff target
  • Specimen collection - sample in orange container
  • Fecal microbiota transplant
53
Q

Bowel Routine

A
  • Timing, amount of time
  • Diet & exercise
  • Stimulants/cathartics - laxatives
  • Digital stimulation
54
Q

Colorectal Risk Factors

A
  • Nutrition (red meat, fibre, milk, vit D)
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
  • Body fat
  • Medications
55
Q

Non-Modifable Colorectal Risk Factors

A
  • Family history
  • IBD
  • Height - tall people
56
Q

Stoma Care

A
  • Stool consistency - more removed = more mushy stool
  • Frequency of wearing pouch - all the time
  • Surgeon attempts to position midline
  • Emptied every 4-6hrs
  • Pouch lasts 5-7 days
57
Q

Anuria

A
  • Absence of urine production
  • Scant - less than 50mL in 24hrs
58
Q

Polyuria

A
  • Abnormally large volume of urine
  • Diabetes
59
Q

Dysuria

A
  • Pain/burning/stinging/itching associated with urination
  • UTI
60
Q

Nocturia

A
  • Need to get up at night to urinate - on regular basis
61
Q

Pyuria

A
  • High levels of WBC in urine
62
Q

Oliguria

A
  • Abnormally small amount of urine production
63
Q

Ketouria

A
  • High levels of ketone in urine
  • Diabetes
64
Q

Skin Assesment

A
  • Hydration indicator
  • Incontinence leads to breakdown
65
Q

Kidney Assessment

A
  • Size
  • Shape, ultrasound
  • Flank pain
66
Q

Bladder Assessment

A
  • Palpable when full
67
Q

Transplant for Kidney Disease

A
  • Best option
  • Immunosuppressant meds
68
Q

Hemodialysis

A
  • 3x per week
  • blood out, blood clean, blood home
  • Fistula/graft needed
69
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A
  • Performed daily, overnight
70
Q

Incontinence Considerations

A
  • Timing
  • Fluid intake
  • Medications/caffeine
  • Pelvic floor muscle exercises
71
Q

Urinalysis

A
  • pH 4-6
  • Protein
  • Glucose - diabetes
  • Ketones
  • Blood
  • Specific gravity - fluid balance/dehydration test
72
Q

Catheter Types

A
  • Indwelling/foley
  • Condom
  • In & out
  • CBI - continuous bladder irrigation
  • Suprapubic
73
Q

Catheter Removal Barriers

A
  • Data hard to find, not accurate, not available
  • Not a priority
  • Confusion about who has authority to remove
  • Lack of agreement on standard protocol
  • Communication barriers among clinicians
74
Q

Urinary Diversions

A
  • Divert flow to abdominal surface
  • Ileal conduit
  • Cancer, trauma, radiation, fistulas
  • Temporary/permanent
  • Changes to urine
  • Body image/self esteem

2230 Health Promotion & Caring: Supporting Health (4 decks)

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