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ANATOMY OF THE TRUNK > WEEK 6 > Flashcards

WEEK 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Wall Layers

A
  • Skin
  • superficial fascia
  • external intercostals
  • intermediate intercostals
  • VAN
  • Innermost intercostals
    • lateral innermost
    • anterior transverse thoracis
    • posterior subcostals
  • Endothoracic fascia
  • parietal pleura
  • pleural cavity
  • visceral cavity
  • lung
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2
Q

Abdominal Wall Layers

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • External Abdominal Oblique
  • Internal Abdominal oblique
  • VAN
  • Transverse abdominus
  • transversalis fascia
  • parietal peritoneum
  • peritoneal cavity
  • viceral peritoneum
  • gut tube
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3
Q

Spermatic Chord Layers + Abdominal Wall structures

A
  • Ductus Deferens/ Testicular Arteries and Nerves Tunica vaginalis = Parietal Peritoneum
  • Internal spermatic fascia = Transversalis fascia
  • SKIPS THE TRANSVERSE ABDOMINUS
  • Cremastor muscle = Internal abdominal oblique
  • External spermatic fascia = External abdominal oblique
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4
Q

What is the nervous innovation and embryology of the Diaphgram?

A

Innovated by the phrenic nerve C3,4,5

Embryology: Myotome in the cervical hypomere, hypaxial muscle, ventral medial lip, ventral primary ramus

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5
Q

Thoracic Hypomeres: Thoracic Body wall Overview

A

Outer: External intercostals

Intermediate: Internal intercostals

(N.V.PLANE)

Inner: innermost intercostals , Transverse thoracis, Subcostals

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6
Q

Thoracic Hypomere: Abdominal Body wall overview

A

Outer longitudinal layer - Linear Alba - Midclavicular line - Rectus abdominus - Pyramidalis Outer - External oblique Intermediate - internal oblique (N.V.PLANE) Inner - Transverse abdominis

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7
Q

Name the 5 peritoneal folds

A
  • x 1 Median umbilical fold
  • x 2 Medial umbilical folds
  • x 2 Lateral umbilical folds
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8
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Not a true ligament but a fold in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique Subinguinal space contains muscles and nerovasuclar structures Males: Spermatic chord layers Females: round ligament ilioingual nerve in both sexes

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9
Q

Lumbar Hypomeres - Lumbar prevertebal muscles

A

Quadratus lumborum psoas major

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10
Q

Sacral Hypomeres: Pelvic Wall Muscles + perineum

A

Pelvic Wall muscles:

  • Obturator internus
  • Piriformis

Perineum

  • Urogenital
  • Anal
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11
Q

Sacral Hypomeres: Pelvic floor muscles

A

Pelvic flood muscles: - Levator ani puborectalis - levator ani pubococcygeus - levator ani illiococcygeus - ischiococcygeus

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12
Q

Pelvic flood muscles

A
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13
Q

Thoracic apetures of the diaphram

A

Vena caval appature (T8)

Oesophageal hiatus (T10)

Aortic hiatus (T12)

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14
Q

Thoracic appature attachements of the diaphragm

A

Anterior: Xiphoid process

Posterior: medial and lateral acruate ligaments

Inferior: lumbar vertebral bodies via medial acrute ligmanents

Lateral: Inferior 6 costal cartilages

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15
Q

Attachments of the Centeral tendon of the Diaphragm

A

Superior attachement: parietal pericardium

Inferior attachement: ligaments of the liver/ coranary ligament

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16
Q

What are the Ligaments of the Diaphragm?

A

Median arcuate ligament: Arches over aorta and unites the left and right crus

Medial arcuate ligament: Arches over psoas major, L1,L2 VB and L1 TVP

Lateral arcuate ligament: Arches over quadratus lumborum. Tip of 12th rib

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17
Q

Functions of the Diaphragm

A

Containment

Changes pressure within the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Respiration

Circulation

Sneezing, coughing, crying, urinating, defacating.

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18
Q

Outer Thoracic Body Wall: External intercostals

A

Origin: Inferior border of the 1-11th rib

Insertion: Superior border of the ribs below origin site. Sloped inferomedially when viewed anteriorly.

Nervous Innovation: anterior rami of thoracic nerves (intecostal nerve)

Action: Elevate ribs and support

Incompleate incompleate anteriorly continuation of the external intercostal membrane that connects the sternum/costal margin.

19
Q

How can we distinguish the innermost intercostals from the external and internal intercostals?

A
  1. Innermost intercostals are connected to the parietal plura via the endothoracic fascia.
  2. Fibre direction
  3. Innermost intercostals originate on the internal surface of the inferior borders of the ribs
20
Q

What ligmanents span over the psoas mj and quadratus lumborum?

A

Medial arcuate ligament passes over the psoas major. Lateral archuate ligament passes over the quadratus lumborum

21
Q

Which embryological section of the embryo do the abdominal flank muscles belong?

A

Hypaxial. prevertebral muscles.

22
Q

Which fascial structures separates the posterior layer of the rectus sheath from the peritoneum?

A

Transversalis fascia

23
Q

Features of the Median Umbilical ligament

A

only one

most medial

obliterated urachus

fiberous reminant of canal connecting fetal bladder to umbilicus

24
Q

Features of the Medial Umbilical ligament

A

Two

Contains left and right umbilical ligaments

reminance of umbilical arteries

25
Q

Features of Lateral umbilical folds

A

Two

contain inferior epigastric artery, branch of external illiac

most latera of the 3

26
Q

What is the fascia of the abdominal body wall?

A

Posterior + laterally : thoracolumbar fascia

Anteriorly: rectus sheath

27
Q

Thoracic hypomeres: OUTER LAYER: External abdominal oblique (EAO)

A

Origin: Lower 8 ribs

Insertion: anterior, superior iliac spine. half of the iliac creast, pubic tubercle, linear alba.

becomes apponurotic in the MCL

Direction of fasicles: lateral to medial, superior to inferior

28
Q

Abdominal hypomere: Abdominal Body wall: INTERMEDIATE LAYER Internal abdominal Oblique (IAO)

A

Deep to the EAO

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia. iliac creast. inguinal ligament

Insertion: Lower 4 ribs. Linear alba. pubic creast via conjoint tendon

contributes to the cremastor muscle.

directions of the fibers: inferior to superior, lateral to medial.

29
Q

Thoracic hypomers: Abdominal wall: INNER LAYER: Transversus abdominis

A

Deepest of lateral abdominal body wall

lies deep to NV PLANE

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, costal margin, illiac crest, inguinal ligament

Insertion: linear alba, pubic crest via conjoint tendon

Becomes apponurotic in the MCL

Fascial direction: transversely orientated.

30
Q

Thoracic hypomeres: Abdominal body wall VENTRAL LONGITUDINAL LAYER: Rectus Abdominus

A

Origin: pubic symphasis. pubic crest

Insertion: Xiphoid process. costal cartilages

Muscle fibers are interupted by tendenous sections

31
Q

Abdominal body wall: VENTRAL LONGITUDINAL LAYER: Pyramidalis:

A

Present in 80% of people

tenses linear alba

lies within the rectus sheath anterior to inferior fibers of rectus abdominus

32
Q

Is the Inguinal Ligament a true ligament?

A

Not a true ligament but a fold in the apponurosis of EAO

33
Q

What runs through the inguinal cannal in females?

A

Round ligament

illioinguinal nerve

genitofemoral nerve

blood and lymphatic vessles

34
Q

whats runs through the inguinal ligament in males?

A

Illioinguinal nerve

genitofemoral nerve

lympatics and blood vessles

Spermatic chord

35
Q

What are the spermatic chord layers

A

Ductus deferins

tunica vaginalis

intenal spermatic fascia

cremastor muscle

external spermatic fascia

skin

36
Q

What structures pass through the superficial inguinal ring?

A

no

37
Q

What structures makes up the inguinal canal?

A

Floor: inguinal ligmanent

Roof: EAO, IAO, TA

Sides: Transversalis fascia and EAO (wrapped around)

38
Q

What forms the deep and superficial rings?

A

Hiatus in the transversalis fascia forms the deep inguinal ring

Hiatus in the EAO forms the superficial inguinal ring

39
Q

Name the 2 pelvic floor walls

A

obturator internus (lateral wall)

Piraformis (posteriorsuperior wall)

40
Q

Name the pelvic floor

A

ischio coccygeus

levator ani puborectalis (medial)

levator ani pubococcygeus (intermediate)

levator ani illiococcygeus (lateral)

41
Q

Name the two pelivic floor hiatus

A

Urogenital

Anorectal

42
Q

What are the are the 3 muscles that form the levator ani

A
  • levator ani puborectalis
  • levator ani pubococcygeus
  • levator ani illiococcygeus
43
Q

What are the external surfaces that make up the two perineum triangles?

A

Anterior: pubic symphysis

Posterior: coccyx

Lateral: ishial tuberosities

44
Q
A

ANATOMY OF THE TRUNK (3 decks)

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