Week 6 - 6 Sigma Quality Flashcards
How has lean six sigma evolved over time? (8)
• 1795 - Gauls introduces the concept of the normal curve
• 1913 - Henry Ford introduced the assembly belt in his factories
• 1920s - Walter Stewart works on three sigma and defects
• 1950s - Toyota production system is developed, a trigger for lean
• 1950s - Shiego Shingo introduces SMED and pokayoke
• 1986 - Motorola invent the six sigma quality improvement process
• 1980s - Lean manufacturing makes its way to the west
• 1990s - GE develop six sigma as a management approach
What does DMAIC stand for?
• D - Define critical outputs and identify gaps for improvement
• M - measure the work and collect process data
• A - analyse the data
• I - Improve the process
• C - Control the new process to make sure new performance is maintained
How does six sigma work? (Funnel effect)
• Starts of with 30-50 input variables which are narrowed down to eventually key process input variables
• This will then lead to improved processes
Who are the different people that make up a six sigma team? (8)
• Division deployment champion
• Executive
• Process owner
• Sponsor
• Team members
• Project leader (black or green belt)
• Financial controller
• Master black belt
What does a division deployment champion do?
Define strategic objectives
What does an executive do?
Owns vision, direction, integration and results
What does a process owner do? (2)
• Implements and sustain improvements
• Identify future project
What does a sponsor do? (2)
• Plays an active part by supporting the team
• Identify transverse projects
What does a team member do?
Provide process expertise and takes part in the project
What does a project leader (black or green belt) do?
Manages the project
What does a financial controller do?
Measures, approves and monitors financial savings
What does a master black belt do?
Coaches the project manager on how to use the tools and methods
What are the tools used to gather & measure data in six sigma? (2)
• Check sheets
• Pareto charts
What are the tools used to analyse and improve in six sigma? (4)
• Histograms
• Scatter diagrams
• Cause-and-effect diagrams
• Flowcharts
What is the tool used for control?
Statistical process control
Example of a histogram
Definition of a cause and effect diagram
Is a tool that identifies process elements that might effect an outcome
What is the focus for six sigma?
Focus on reducing variation to solve process and business problems
What happens in the define stage of DMAIC? (3)
• Define the process
• Ask who the customers are and what their problems are
• Identify key characteristics important to customers and the supporting processes
What happens in the measure stage of DMAIC?
Collect data in alignment with measurement systems
What happens in the analyse stage of DMAIC?
Raw data is converted into information that provides insights into the process including identifying the fundamental and most important causes of the defects or problems
What happens in the improve stage of DMAIC?
Solutions to problems are developed and then assessed in terms of how impactful they are
What happens in the control stage of DMAIC?
Is about sustaining the improvements
