Week 6

Question 1

african americans and colorectal cancer

+/- incidence?
mortality?

Answer 1

higher mortality than all other races

higher incidence except for AI/AN

Question 2

patient has single first degree relative with colorectal cancer or an advanced adenoma diagnosed at less than 60 years of age. When do you screen the patient

Answer 2

40y/o or 10 years younger than affected relative’s age when diagnosed. Re-do every 5 years

same goes it you have had two first degree relatives with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma at ANY age

Question 3

if someone has no first-degree relatives with CRC and had a normal scope, when do they get another?

Answer 3

10 years

Question 4

five year survival for all stages combined esophageal cancer

Answer 4

15%

Question 5

nitrates cause what type of cancer that she talked about

Answer 5

esophageal squamous cell

Question 6

environmental causes of hepatocellular carcinoma in the us

Answer 6

vinyl chloride

anabolic steroids

Question 7

most common cause of vom

Answer 7

infectious - rota and norovirus

Question 8

common presentation of DKA in kids

Answer 8

vom

Question 9

clinical presentation of DKA

Answer 9

polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss
dehydration
kussmaul respirations
acetone breath
altered mentation
profound fatigue, irritability
hyperglycemia
metabolic acidosis

Question 10

how to diagnose pyloric stenosis

Answer 10

ultrasound

Question 11

vertical sausage shaped abdominal mass in a 1 year old

Answer 11

intussusception

Question 12

meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 12

remnant of embryonic yolk sac
lining similar to stomach
most frequent congenital GI anomaly
painless rectal bleeding
may cause obstruction/intussusception
Tx is surgical

2 years
2%
2 types of tissue
2 inches
2 feet from ileocecal valve

Question 13

most acute diarrhea in america is what

Answer 13

viral gastroenteritis

Question 14

mild watery diarrhea with a bright pink circle on gram stain

they were out of the country

Answer 14

cryptosporidium

pink thing is an oocyte

Question 15

blood in stool - bacterial or viral

Answer 15

bac

Question 16

number one cause of bacterial diarrhea in US

Answer 16

campylobacter

Question 17

percent body weight lost for mild, moderate, and severe dehydration in kids

Answer 17

mild 3-5%
moderate 6-9%
severe 10+%

Question 18

if a kid has lost 10% of his weight due to dehydration, what do you do

Answer 18

give 20mL per kg of Normal Saline or Normal Saline with 5% dextrose over a one hour period.

Question 19

do you use antidiarrheals in kids?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

antiemetic for kids

Answer 20

ondansetron

Question 21

kid wont stop crying assc with drawing up the legs and gaseous distention

Answer 21

colic
1/5 infants

starts at 3 weeks, peaks at 6 weeks

Question 22

kid has a family Hx of migraine, pallor, explosive diarrhea, lethargy, tachycardia

Answer 22

periodic syndrome or cyclic vomiting/abdominal migraine

headache is rare

Question 23

encopresis

Answer 23

kids leak stool all day long

could be because they are constipated and stool leaks around it

could be just incontinence

Question 24

absence of ganglion cells in the bowel beginning at the internal anal sphincter and extending proximally

Answer 24

hirschsprung’s

Question 25

what should be avoided in children who are at risk for aspiration due to severe pulmonary complications

Answer 25

Mineral oil