Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

african americans and colorectal cancer

+/- incidence?
mortality?

A

higher mortality than all other races

higher incidence except for AI/AN

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2
Q

patient has single first degree relative with colorectal cancer or an advanced adenoma diagnosed at less than 60 years of age. When do you screen the patient

A

40y/o or 10 years younger than affected relative’s age when diagnosed. Re-do every 5 years

same goes it you have had two first degree relatives with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma at ANY age

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3
Q

if someone has no first-degree relatives with CRC and had a normal scope, when do they get another?

A

10 years

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4
Q

five year survival for all stages combined esophageal cancer

A

15%

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5
Q

nitrates cause what type of cancer that she talked about

A

esophageal squamous cell

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6
Q

environmental causes of hepatocellular carcinoma in the us

A

vinyl chloride

anabolic steroids

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7
Q

most common cause of vom

A

infectious - rota and norovirus

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8
Q

common presentation of DKA in kids

A

vom

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9
Q

clinical presentation of DKA

A
polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss
dehydration
kussmaul respirations
acetone breath
altered mentation
profound fatigue, irritability
hyperglycemia
metabolic acidosis
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10
Q

how to diagnose pyloric stenosis

A

ultrasound

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11
Q

vertical sausage shaped abdominal mass in a 1 year old

A

intussusception

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12
Q

meckel’s diverticulum

A
remnant of embryonic yolk sac
lining similar to stomach
most frequent congenital GI anomaly
painless rectal bleeding
may cause obstruction/intussusception
Tx is surgical
2 years
2%
2 types of tissue
2 inches
2 feet from ileocecal valve
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13
Q

most acute diarrhea in america is what

A

viral gastroenteritis

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14
Q

mild watery diarrhea with a bright pink circle on gram stain

they were out of the country

A

cryptosporidium

pink thing is an oocyte

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15
Q

blood in stool - bacterial or viral

A

bac

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16
Q

number one cause of bacterial diarrhea in US

A

campylobacter

17
Q

percent body weight lost for mild, moderate, and severe dehydration in kids

A

mild 3-5%
moderate 6-9%
severe 10+%

18
Q

if a kid has lost 10% of his weight due to dehydration, what do you do

A

give 20mL per kg of Normal Saline or Normal Saline with 5% dextrose over a one hour period.

19
Q

do you use antidiarrheals in kids?

A

no

20
Q

antiemetic for kids

A

ondansetron

21
Q

kid wont stop crying assc with drawing up the legs and gaseous distention

A

colic
1/5 infants

starts at 3 weeks, peaks at 6 weeks

22
Q

kid has a family Hx of migraine, pallor, explosive diarrhea, lethargy, tachycardia

A

periodic syndrome or cyclic vomiting/abdominal migraine

headache is rare

23
Q

encopresis

A

kids leak stool all day long

could be because they are constipated and stool leaks around it

could be just incontinence

24
Q

absence of ganglion cells in the bowel beginning at the internal anal sphincter and extending proximally

A

hirschsprung’s

25
Q

what should be avoided in children who are at risk for aspiration due to severe pulmonary complications

A

Mineral oil