Week 6 Flashcards
Ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Ionization
process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.
Coulomb
the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere.
Insulator
a substance or device which does not readily conduct electricit
Conductor
a material or device that conducts or transmits heat or electricity, especially when regarded in terms of its capacity to do this.
Semiconductor
a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.
Superconductor
a substance capable of becoming superconducting at sufficiently low temperatures.
Grounding
connect (an electrical device) with the ground.
Charge Polarization
occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative
Electric Dipole
separation of positive and negative charges
Electric Field
a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects.
Electrical Potential Energy
potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system.
Electrical Potential Voltage
the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge.
Volt
the SI unit of electromotive force, the difference of potential that would carry one ampere of current against one ohm resistance.
Potential Difference
the difference of electrical potential between two points.
Electromotive Force
a difference in potential that tends to give rise to an electric current.
Battery
a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
Electric Current
a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire.
Ampere
a unit of electric current equal to a flow of one coulomb per second.
Ohmic Resistance
Materials and components that obey Ohm’s law are described as “ohmic” which means they produce the same value for resistance (R = V/I) regardless of the value of V or I which is applied and whether the applied voltage or current is DC (direct current) of either positive or negative polarity or AC (alternating current).
Resistor
a device having resistance to the passage of an electric current
Ohm
the SI unit of electrical resistance, transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one volt.
Electric Circuit
An electric circuit is a path which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. Electric current flows in a closed path called an electric circuit. The point where those electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the “source” of electrons.
Outline the principle of conservation of charge
A principle stating that the total electric charge of an isolated system remains constant regardless of changes within the system.
