Week 3

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element that has all of the elements chemical properties.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

The positively charged center of an atom.

Question 3

Proton

Answer 3

A positively charged particle that is one of the two kinds of nucleons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 4

Neurton

Answer 4

An electrically neutral particle that is one of the two kinds of nucleons.

Question 5

Electron

Answer 5

A negatively charged particle that is in the shell of an atom.

Question 6

Element

Answer 6

A substance composed of atoms that all have the same atomic number, and therefore the same chemical properties.

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

The number of protons in an atom

Question 8

Atomic Mass Number

Answer 8

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

An atom with a net electric charge that is due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 10

Isotope

Answer 10

Atoms whose nuclei have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 11

Compound

Answer 11

A substance made of more than one element, combined in a fixed proportion

Question 12

Mixture

Answer 12

Substances that are mixed together without chemically bonding

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

Two or more atoms of the same or different elements bonded to form a larger particle

Question 14

Volume

Answer 14

the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container.

Question 15

Density

Answer 15

the degree of compactness of a substance.

Question 16

Elasticity

Answer 16

the ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed; stretchiness.

Question 17

Tension

Answer 17

apply a force to (something) which tends to stretch it.

Question 18

Compression

Answer 18

the reduction in volume (causing an increase in pressure) of the fuel mixture in an internal-combustion engine before ignition.

Question 19

Solid

Answer 19

firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.

Question 20

Liquid

Answer 20

a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.

Question 21

Gas

Answer 21

an air-like fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity.

Question 22

Fluid

Answer 22

a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure; a gas or (especially) a liquid.

Question 23

Pressure

Answer 23

continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.

Question 24

Laminar flow

Answer 24

flow in which the fluid travels smoothly or in regular paths

Question 25

Turbulent flow

Answer 25

in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations and mixing.

Question 26

Differentiate between the crystalline and non-crystalline solids

Answer 26

A crystalline solid has its molecules or atoms arranged in a lattice. A non-crystalline solid has no arrangement.

Question 27

Relate pressure to the force and the area over which the force is applied

Answer 27

Pressure = Force / Area
P = F / A
Pressure is inversely proportional to the area that the force is applied to

Question 28

Outline Pascal’s Principle for change in pressure in an enclosed fluid

Answer 28

pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations remain the same

Question 29

Continuity Statement

Answer 29

A1 v1 = A2 v2

mass flowing in = mass flowing out

Question 30

Bernoulli’s Principle

Answer 30

for an inviscid flow of a nonconducting fluid, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s potential energy.