Week 6 Flashcards
Anything ________ 0.15 is insignificant.
Above
A correlation higher than 0.2 signifies what?
A strong correlation
Anything below 0.15 means your finding is ________.
Significant
0.15 represents what?
the percentage that what you found was due to chance
What happened with President Landon?
Survey sent to people with telephones + people with cars showed results that he’d win the election. What actually happened was that he got 8 votes while Roosevelt got 523.
What was the problem with surveying in the case of President Landon?
The people sampled were disproportionately republic because those with cars/phones were wealthier + tended to vote more republic
What went wrong with polling in the issue of President Dewey?
Gallop stopped polling 8 weeks before election. At this time many people were confused about who to vote for and changed their minds.
What kind of sampling did Gallop use?
Quota sampling: you make a list of characteristics and choose subjects to fill them.
In which cases would we not need to sample?
1) when every member of a population is identical
2) when you CAN study an entire population
3) census: when you try to study everyone in a population
What is a target population?
Entire set of individuals that study findings can be generalized to
What is a sampling frame?
List of all elements in a population
A sample is a:
Subset selected from the population
If a sample has good generalizability, this means:
The findings of the sample can be generalized to the population from which the sample was selected.
Representativeness:
Sample that “looks like” the population from which it is drawn (in all respects relevant to the study)
The difference between characteristics of sample and characteristics of the population is known as:
Sampling error
Non-probability sampling is what happens when:
We don’t know the probability of any element being chosen
Probability sampling:
When every person has the same probability of being selected for the sample
Most basic type of probability sampling in which you make a list of every element in a population and select sample randomly
Simple random sampling
Type of probability sampling in which you select the first element randomly, then select based on intervals *periodicity: can be biased
Systematic random sampling
What is stratified random sampling?
Type of probability sampling in which you use known info about a population to stratify them. *distinguish all elements on a relevant characteristic
What is cluster sampling?
Naturally occurring groups of population; selecting elements within a cluster
When you change your sampling because you get something interesting from men that you’d like to observe in women is an example of:
Purposive sampling: theoretical ideas suggest who to interview next
Availability sampling is an example of:
Non-probability sampling
Snowball sampling occurs through an ________, person who gives info about another.
Informant; you start with one person and then spread out into their social network
The _________ the sample, the ________ your sampling error.
Larger; lower
Devah Pager’s study of employment opportunities had findings with a very strong _______ ____________.
Race effect
