Week 6

Question 1

True or False?
Consent for treatment is, except in an emergency, always required.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Consent is generally obtained from a client directly and can be ….

Answer 2

verbal, in writing or, in some cases, implied.

Question 3

Where a client is incapable, the dental hygienist must obtain consent from a …

Answer 3

substitute decision maker

Question 4

True or False?
There is no minimum age for consent; it is based on the capacity of the client.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False?
A signed consent form is different than obtaining informed consent

Answer 5

True

Question 6

A written consent form is simply a piece of paper unless …

Answer 6

it is read, understood and its implications appreciated.

Question 7

Obtaining informed consent is a process that involves …

Answer 7

the meeting of minds.

Question 8

The role of the practitioner is to provide information and make recommendations that will enable clients to make …

Answer 8

informed choices.

Question 9

Meaningful consent requires that the …

Answer 9

client knows all the information needed to make an informed choice.

Question 10

The “best possible service” means

Answer 10

client’s goals, expectations, needs and abilities direct the selection of all preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Question 11

Health care practitioners owe a __ duty of good faith and loyalty to their clients.

Answer 11

fiduciary

Question 12

Why is Informed Consent Not Always Obtained ?

Answer 12

• Health care practitioners assume a level of sophistication in their clients that often does not exist.
• Health care practitioners are rushed
• Poor communication skills
• Ignorance of the requirements of informed consent.

Question 13

For example, when a dental hygienist asks a client questions about his or her medical history, a client generally demonstrated consent by …

Answer 13

consent by answering them.

Question 14

The client is entitled to know which/what:

Answer 14

• Nature of the treatment/assessment.
• Who will be providing the treatment?
• Reasons for the treatment.
• Material effects, risks and side-effects of the treatment.
• Alternatives to the treatment.
• Consequences of declining the treatment.
• Specific questions or concerns of the individual client.

Question 15

To give informed consent, the client must not only ___ the information, but must also ___ the reasonably foreseeable consequences of the decision.

Answer 15

understand; appreciate

Question 16

True or False?
Even where a member of the health care team has obtained consent for the course of treatment or a plan of treatment, prudent dental hygienists will check with the client before starting their own treatment to ensure that the consent was informed and has not been withdrawn.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

For repetitive matters, it is acceptable to give a ___ of the information the client needs to know.

Answer 17

written description

Question 18

“Did you understand what you read?” is or is not sufficient?

Answer 18

not sufficient

Question 19

True or False?
In many circumstances, such as a routine assessment or just for the measuring of pocket depths, a written consent is impractical.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or False?
Written consent forms are not a complete defence to an allegation of failing to obtain consent.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

If a written consent is not obtained for particularly risky procedures, practitioners should …

Answer 21

document in the client’s chart that an informed consent was given verbally. (good for unreliable clients)

Question 22

Can a client withdraw consent?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Client consents to a course of treatment but then communicates to you that there has been a change of mind. Can you rely on an earlier consent?

Answer 23

No, you can no longer rely on an earlier consent.

Question 24

True or False?
written consent can also be verbally withdrawn.

Answer 24

True
(withdrawal in writing too)

Question 25

In ___, the Ontario government introduced the Health Care Consent Act (HCCA).

Answer 25

1996

Question 26

Health Care Consent Act (HCCA) includes:

Answer 26

- The assessment or examination of a person to determine the general nature of the person's condition; - The taking of a person's health history; - The communication of the results of an assessment; and - A treatment that in the circumstances poses little or no risk of harm to the person.

Question 27

Assistance or supervision of hygiene, washing, dressing, grooming, eating, drinking, elimination, ambulation, position or any other routine activity of daily living.

Answer 27

Personal assistance services

Question 28

When an activity is excluded in the Act by the definition of "treatment" or “personal assistance services”, the dental hygienist must still obtain consent because ...

Answer 28

common law (case law)

Question 29

True or False? the College’s professional standards require consent for everything, not just those procedures covered by the Health Care Consent Act.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Clients are assumed to be capable. An assessment of a client’s capacity should be made only when ...

Answer 30

there is reason to doubt the client’s capacity.

Question 31

True or False? There is no minimum age for consent.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Children under __ are incapable of consent for almost any treatment;

Answer 32

7

Question 33

Children between the ages of ___ can very rarely consent to treatment

Answer 33

7 to 12

Question 34

Youth over __ need to be carefully assessed as to their capacity on a case-by-case basis.

Answer 34

12

Question 35

When a client is found to be incapable of giving consent, the consent must be obtained from a _____ unless there is an emergency.

Answer 35

substitute decision maker

Question 36

The substitute must be at least __ years old (unless the substitute is the parent of client).

Answer 36

16

Question 37

The substitute must be ___ herself or himself.

Answer 37

capable

Question 38

The substitute must be ___ and ___ to make the decision.

Answer 38

able; willing

Question 39

Substitute must act in accordance with either:

Answer 39

- Last capable wishes of client - Best interests of client

Question 40

True or False? There is some obligation on a dental hygienist’s part to intervene if it is clear that the substitute is not fulfilling their obligations.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The dental hygienist would be required to make a report to the ______ (e.g., if the substitute is misconducting her/himself).

Answer 41

Public Guardian and Trustee

Question 42

Priority list of substitute decision makers ranked from the highest to the lowest

Answer 42

1. Guardian of the person appointed by the courts; 2. Attorney for personal care conferred by a written document when the client was capable; 3. Consent and Capacity Board appointed representative; 4. Spouse or partner; 5. Child or custodial parent; 6. Access parent; 7. Brother or sister; 8. Any other relative; 9. Public Guardian and Trustee. *GACSCABAP*

Question 43

The Public Guardian and Trustee, a government official, is relied upon as a ...

Answer 43

last resort.

Question 44

The definition of what constitutes an emergency is set out in the ...

Answer 44

Health Care Consent Act.