Week 6 Flashcards
intelligence, language development
Flynn effect
large cohort effect in intelligence
intelligence tends to increase with each generation
* IQ scores (raw scores) increased by 10pts every 10 years
* questions were modified to keep the average at 100
2 explanations for the Flynn Effect
- more people staying in school (i.e. more exposure to formal education)
- younger generations live in a more challenging environment (e.g. technology)
3 group and contextual differences in IQ
- racial/ethnic differences
- SES differences (accounts for many racial/ethnic differences)
- education
SES differences are not inborn, rather contributes to IQ through differences in culture, nutrition, living conditions, school resources, intellectual stimulation, life circumstances
5 basic components of language
- phonology
- morphology
- semantics
- syntax
- pragmatics
Phonology
knowledge of sounds used in a given language
learning how to detect, discriminate, and produce speech sounds
Morphology
understanding the ways that sounds can be combined to form words
infants learn that sounds can be combined in meaningful ways
Semantics
meaning or content of words and sentences
a growing vocabulary signals an increase in semantic knowledge (e.g. synonyms, homonyms)
Syntax
knowledge of the structure of sentences
rules by which words are combined to form sentences
Pragmatics
understanding how to use language to communicate effectively
3 contextual influences on language development
- culture
- poverty
- bilingualism
Influence of poverty on language development
less developed language skills due to:
* less exposure to speech
* lower quality parent-child interactions
* increased household instability and disorder (leads to tendency to disengage and isolate)
- fewer words, less diverse vocabulary, and wrong syntax
- smaller vocabulary at 18 months and gap increases at 24 months
