Week 10 & 11

Question 1

Androgyny

Answer 1

• integrating masculine (instrumental) and feminine (expressive) characteristics
• able to recognize what behavior a situation calls

linked with positive adjustment (e.g. higher self-esteem, more emotionally mature, better life, work, and relationship satisfaction)

Question 2

Contextual influences on gender development

Answer 2

• social constuction of gender (i.e. set of beliefs created by society about how each gender should behave)
• socialization and interpretation of thet world, influenced by parents, peers, media, and culture
• use of models to guide behavior and feedback from others as reinforcement

e.g. parents and peers can encourage/reinforce gender-typed behavior and criticize cross-gender activities

Question 3

Why do children self-stimulate?

i.e. masturbate

Answer 3

normal for children to self-stimulate as early as age 2
* often at nap/bedtime
* serves as a calming mechanism
* suggests emerging sexuality but the motivation is not sexual

Question 4

Protective factors of teen pregnancy

Answer 4

• involvement of baby daddy (financially and instrumentally)
• parenting education (e.g. knowledge of normal child development)
• family and community support
• onsite daycare at schools (allows the mom to finish school)
• stable living environment (i.e. stay in one place while pregnant and raising child)

Question 5

Sexual activity in adulthood

Answer 5

frequency of sexual activity is highest in young adulthood (and in new relationships) with a modest decline over time

associated with emotional, sexual, and relationship satisfaction, and overall happiness

Question 6

Sexual coercion or assault

Answer 6

broad term referring to a wide variety of nonconsensual sexual contact or behavior

perpetrators are often known to survivors

Question 7

Contextual influences on sexual coercion and assault

Answer 7

• prevalance of rape myths (e.g. provocative attire or behavior implies consent), especially among college students
• gender stereotypes (e.g. dominance, aggression, competition in males and passivity in females)

Question 8

Who typically cohabits?

Answer 8

individuals with low levels of education and income

high rates of cohabiting households in all provinces except Quebec

Question 9

How are single-parent families typically formed?

Answer 9

divorce, widowhood, long-term cohabitation separation

Question 10

Short-term vs long-term children experiences in single-parent households

Answer 10

• problematic behavior 2 years following parents’ separation or during the “adjustment phase”
• by age 24, only 24% exhibit adjustment problems

depends on how well-adjusted children are (e.g. social, academic)

Question 11

Protective factors of children in single-parent households

Answer 11

• parents getting along with one another after they separate
• reduce the number of transitions a child experiences (e.g. changing schools)

Question 12

Positive outcomes in children in lesbian and gay families

Answer 12

• positive parent-child relationships (e.g. secure attachment)
• higher social competence and academic achievement
• lower aggression
• less gendered behavior and more androgynous