Week 6 Flashcards
Extrinsic stains are stains that occur
On the external surface of the tooth
Black line stain is associated with
Iron/copper and sulfur complexes
Clients that have black stain tend to have saliva that has
Higher calcium concentrations and higher buffering capacity
Orange/yellow stain is associated with
Chromogenic bacteria from poor oral hygiene
Greenish stain is a result of accumulation of
Plaque
Pellicle
Food debris
And pigment producing bacteria
Light brown stain on the teeth are a result of what kind of antimicrobial mouth rinse
Chlorhexidine
Intrinsic stains are stains that occur
Within the tooth structure
A tetracycline stain results when the drug is administered to mother during what trimester
3rd trimester
-or to the child in infancy or early childhood
Tetracycline staining presents how on the teeth
Dark yellow to grey brown discolouration
Hypocalcification is usually seen as white, yellow or brownish discolouration and is associated with
High fever during enamel formation (metabolic cause)
Endogenous stain is acquired
During tooth development
Exogenous stain is acquired
After tooth eruption
What are the 2 whitening materials
Hydrogen peroxide
Carbamide peroxide
Whitening hydrogen peroxide can be delivered as what 3 things? What is the concentration
Liquid, varnish or gel
Concentration 5-40%
Carbamide peroxide is popular for home whitening. It can be delivered as? What is the concentration
Liquid or gel
10-35%
Carbamide peroxide is a _____ oxidizing agent than hydrogen peroxide
Weaker
Successful bleaching is dependant on ? (8)
Cause/type of stain
Degree/intensity of stain
Bleaching agent
Strength of bleaching agent
Duration of treatment
Bleaching technique
Vitality of tooth
Presence of cracks/restoration in tooth
The 8 things successful bleaching is dependant on need to have what to determine
Radiographs and clinical examination
What is an adversity of in office “power whitening” laser whitening
High intensity light and lasers might generate heat that can irritate the pulp and contribute to post treatment sensitivity
What are the advantages of in office whitening
Quick results
Direct supervision
Elimination of compliance issues
Control over the process
Ability to discontinue trx if problems arise
Done for vital and non vital teeth
Why should the teeth not be anesthetized during whitening
Need to have full feeling in order to determine is teeth are becoming too sensitive and if treatment should be stopped
What is the “walking bleach” technique
bleaching of non vital teeth
Bleaching material is placed inside the pulp chamber where it stays for several days
All internal whitening procedures require that a
Seal to be established at base of the endodontic access preparation
(Prevents whitening from leaking out)
What should you be aware of with whitening of non vital teeth
External root resorption
-whitening agent can cause an inflammatory rxn in periodontal tissues
Home whitening- night guard bleaching is popular command cost effective. What is the concentration of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide
10-45% carbamide peroxide
6-15% hydrogen peroxide
(Treatment interval is much longer)
Potential side effects of bleaching
-Tooth sensitivity
-Irritation to gingiva mucosa and throat
-Soreness of the muscles of mastication and tmj joints from wearing whitening trays overnight
Some clients may be
Allergic to components of bleaching material
To prevent sensitivity and complications what should be done prior to whitening
Cavities should be filled
* however may be done prior so place whiter composites
Enamel microbes on. Removed
Noncarious discolouration
In enamel microabrasion what is applied to discolouration for 1 minute then agitated with ribbed rubber cup for an additional one minute
An acid slurry made of flour of pumice and 6% hydrochloric acid
What are the indications for whitening
Discoloured teeth
Surface staining
Isolated brown or white discolouration shallow in the enamel
Contraindications of whitening
Allergy
Pregnant/nursing
Open carious lesions
Cracked enamel
Sensitive teeth
Leaking restorations
Under age 15
When fabricating a bleaching tray, you apply block out material. How many mm thick and how many mm from gingiva
O.5mm thick
1.5mm from gingiva
With the vacuum former heat tray until material sags 2.5 inches, activate reformer. How many mm do you trim tray from gingival margin
0.25mm-0.33mm
