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DM Theory > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Important measures for caries management include (4)

A

Fluorides
Antibacterial mouth rinses
Sealants
Silver diamine fluoride

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2
Q

What does CAMBRA stand for

A

Caries management by risk assessment

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3
Q

What is CAMBRA

A

An evidence based approach to preventing and managing cavities at the earliest stages of

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4
Q

T/F
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral?

A

True

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5
Q

What are the topical and systemic effects of fluoride

A

Demineralization
Remineralization
Anti cariogenic
Some degree of protection against erosion

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6
Q

Describe demineralization

A

Acid removes more minerals than the amount of minerals coming into the tooth from saliva

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7
Q

Describe remineralization

A

Replacing minerals lost from the tooth surface

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8
Q

The enamel and dentin of the tooth are composed of tiny mineral crystals called

A

Hydroxyapatite

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9
Q

The tooth crystals are not pure hydroxyapatite but contain? Which makes them more?

A

Carbonate
Makes them more soluble in acid

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10
Q

The pH at which tooth mineral dissolves is

A

5.5

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11
Q

Systemic fluoride is absorbed through?

A

The intestine into the blood stream

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12
Q

Any excess fluoride is excreted by the body through?

A

The skin, kidneys and feces

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13
Q

What food has high fluoride

A

Canned fish

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14
Q

Canned fish (in oil w/ bones) has how much fluoride ?

A

4.0-12 ppm/ fluoride

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15
Q

What is the measurement of fluoride in a gel/tray for a child

A

2ml
(Total 4ml)

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16
Q

What is the measurement of fluoride in a gel/tray for an adult

A

2.5 ml
(5mL total)

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17
Q

What is the measurement of fluoride in a gel/tray for an adult

A

2.5ml
(5ml total)

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18
Q

Foam fluoride is

A

Not as effective

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19
Q

How long is fluoride applied for in trays

A

4 minutes

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20
Q

What is the most effective fluoride treatment

A

5.0% NaF Varnish

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21
Q

Self applied fluoride is recommended for clients who are

A

Moderate to high risk for dental caries

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22
Q

Self applied flurodie is recommended on elderly patients who take

A

Medications that reduce salivary flow
(They are prone to root caries)

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23
Q

What should you never do when a patient is receiving fluoride treatment

A

Never leave them alone

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24
Q

If Acute fluoride poisoning what should be done

A

Induce vomiting
Protect stomach (drink milk)
Maintain blood calcium

25
Q

In acute fluoride poisoning in order to maintain blood calcium what should be done

A

Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate administered both intravenously and orally

26
Q

What is the cause of fluorosis

A

Consumption of excess fluoride during tooth formation

27
Q

How does severe fluorosis present itself

A

Mottled enamel
Brown staining and pitting of the enamel surface

28
Q

What does mild-moderate fluorosis look like

A

Opaque white spots of bands on the teeth

29
Q

What are some causes of fluorosis

A

Water concentration too high
Fluoride toothpaste swallowed
Over prescribed supplements

30
Q

What teeth are rarely affected by fluorosis

A

Deciduous teeth

31
Q

What is the recommended daily fluoride intake

A

0.05-0.07 mg/kg/day

32
Q

Probable toxic dose of fluoride intake

A

5mg/kg

33
Q

Certain lethal dose of fluoride intake

A

32-64 mg/kg

34
Q

Fluoride methods of delivery

A

Dietary food supplements
In office topical fluoride application
Silver diamide fluoride

35
Q

What does silver diamide fluoride do

A

Allows fluoride to strengthen and remineralize the tooth; the antimicrobial silver kills bacteria to prevent biofilm from forming on the tooth

36
Q

Children under 6 years need supervision when

A

Brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride

37
Q

What portion should be used on the toothbrush

A

Only a pea sized amount

38
Q

Gels and foams are applied for how many minutes in disposable trays

A

4 minutes

39
Q

Prophylaxis paste contains ____ as an abrasive to remove surface stains and plaque from the teeth

A

Pumice

40
Q

What reduces caries by 28% when used in a daily rinse program

A

OTC fluoride rinses (0.5% fluoride)

41
Q

Prescription fluoride rinses contain 0.2% ______ or 0.63% ______

A

Sodium fluoride; stannous fluoride

42
Q

Fluoride rinses are recommended to be used when? Why?

A

Before bedtime. So that residue of fluoride can remain in the saliva during sleep

43
Q

Chlorhexidine is a prescribed oral rinse and it also is known as

A

Peridex or periogaurd

44
Q

Chlorhexidine reduces plaque by __% and gingivitis by __%

A

Plaque 55%
Gingivitis 45%

45
Q

What is the leading prescription oral rinse to fight gingivitis

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12%

46
Q

Chlorhexidine rinses must be used how often in order to be effective

A

Daily for 2 weeks straight

47
Q

Side effects of Chlorhexidine

A

Allergy
Staining of teeth/restorations/tongue
Increase in supra calc
Lingering aftertaste that may change taste perception
Not recommended for client pregnant or nursing

48
Q

What contributes to loss of tooth mineral

A

Highly acidic foods/beverages

49
Q

Where are pits and fissures located in the oral cavity

A

All occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth (max and mand)
Buccal surfaces of mand molars
Lingual surfaces of max molars
Lingual surfaces of max incisors

50
Q

Indications for sealants

A

Deep, narrow pits and fissures
Caries prone clients
Caries free occlusal surfaces
Steep cuspal inclines
Deep, sticky fissures

51
Q

Contraindications of sealants

A

Proximal caries present
Carious pits and fissures
Poor oral hygiene, cariogenic diet
Shallow non existent pits

52
Q

Composition of sealants

A

Resin component based on dimethacrylate monomer:
-bisohenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA)
-urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)

53
Q

Causes of tooth sensitivity

A

Exposed dentinal tubules to the oral cavity
Temperature (usually cold)
Sugar
Acidic food
Exposed root structure

54
Q

Causes of hypersensitivity

A

Brushing too hard
Recession of the gums
Gum disease
Cracked teeth
Grinding your teeth
Plaque

55
Q

What aids in decreasing sensitivity

A

Potassium nitrate
Strontium chloride
Zinc chloride

56
Q

Instead of brushing right after eating erosive foods try

A

Rinsing with water
Rinsing with a fluoride solution
Chewing xylitol gum

57
Q

What is allograft

A

Freeze dried bone from cadavers

58
Q

What is autograft

A

Donor bone from clients own body

59
Q

What is xenograft

A

Graft from other species (ex cows)

DM Theory (10 decks)

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