Week 4 Flashcards
Important measures for caries management include (4)
Fluorides
Antibacterial mouth rinses
Sealants
Silver diamine fluoride
What does CAMBRA stand for
Caries management by risk assessment
What is CAMBRA
An evidence based approach to preventing and managing cavities at the earliest stages of
T/F
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral?
True
What are the topical and systemic effects of fluoride
Demineralization
Remineralization
Anti cariogenic
Some degree of protection against erosion
Describe demineralization
Acid removes more minerals than the amount of minerals coming into the tooth from saliva
Describe remineralization
Replacing minerals lost from the tooth surface
The enamel and dentin of the tooth are composed of tiny mineral crystals called
Hydroxyapatite
The tooth crystals are not pure hydroxyapatite but contain? Which makes them more?
Carbonate
Makes them more soluble in acid
The pH at which tooth mineral dissolves is
5.5
Systemic fluoride is absorbed through?
The intestine into the blood stream
Any excess fluoride is excreted by the body through?
The skin, kidneys and feces
What food has high fluoride
Canned fish
Canned fish (in oil w/ bones) has how much fluoride ?
4.0-12 ppm/ fluoride
What is the measurement of fluoride in a gel/tray for a child
2ml
(Total 4ml)
What is the measurement of fluoride in a gel/tray for an adult
2.5 ml
(5mL total)
What is the measurement of fluoride in a gel/tray for an adult
2.5ml
(5ml total)
Foam fluoride is
Not as effective
How long is fluoride applied for in trays
4 minutes
What is the most effective fluoride treatment
5.0% NaF Varnish
Self applied fluoride is recommended for clients who are
Moderate to high risk for dental caries
Self applied flurodie is recommended on elderly patients who take
Medications that reduce salivary flow
(They are prone to root caries)
What should you never do when a patient is receiving fluoride treatment
Never leave them alone
If Acute fluoride poisoning what should be done
Induce vomiting
Protect stomach (drink milk)
Maintain blood calcium
In acute fluoride poisoning in order to maintain blood calcium what should be done
Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate administered both intravenously and orally
What is the cause of fluorosis
Consumption of excess fluoride during tooth formation
How does severe fluorosis present itself
Mottled enamel
Brown staining and pitting of the enamel surface
What does mild-moderate fluorosis look like
Opaque white spots of bands on the teeth
What are some causes of fluorosis
Water concentration too high
Fluoride toothpaste swallowed
Over prescribed supplements
What teeth are rarely affected by fluorosis
Deciduous teeth
What is the recommended daily fluoride intake
0.05-0.07 mg/kg/day
Probable toxic dose of fluoride intake
5mg/kg
Certain lethal dose of fluoride intake
32-64 mg/kg
Fluoride methods of delivery
Dietary food supplements
In office topical fluoride application
Silver diamide fluoride
What does silver diamide fluoride do
Allows fluoride to strengthen and remineralize the tooth; the antimicrobial silver kills bacteria to prevent biofilm from forming on the tooth
Children under 6 years need supervision when
Brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride
What portion should be used on the toothbrush
Only a pea sized amount
Gels and foams are applied for how many minutes in disposable trays
4 minutes
Prophylaxis paste contains ____ as an abrasive to remove surface stains and plaque from the teeth
Pumice
What reduces caries by 28% when used in a daily rinse program
OTC fluoride rinses (0.5% fluoride)
Prescription fluoride rinses contain 0.2% ______ or 0.63% ______
Sodium fluoride; stannous fluoride
Fluoride rinses are recommended to be used when? Why?
Before bedtime. So that residue of fluoride can remain in the saliva during sleep
Chlorhexidine is a prescribed oral rinse and it also is known as
Peridex or periogaurd
Chlorhexidine reduces plaque by __% and gingivitis by __%
Plaque 55%
Gingivitis 45%
What is the leading prescription oral rinse to fight gingivitis
Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12%
Chlorhexidine rinses must be used how often in order to be effective
Daily for 2 weeks straight
Side effects of Chlorhexidine
Allergy
Staining of teeth/restorations/tongue
Increase in supra calc
Lingering aftertaste that may change taste perception
Not recommended for client pregnant or nursing
What contributes to loss of tooth mineral
Highly acidic foods/beverages
Where are pits and fissures located in the oral cavity
All occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth (max and mand)
Buccal surfaces of mand molars
Lingual surfaces of max molars
Lingual surfaces of max incisors
Indications for sealants
Deep, narrow pits and fissures
Caries prone clients
Caries free occlusal surfaces
Steep cuspal inclines
Deep, sticky fissures
Contraindications of sealants
Proximal caries present
Carious pits and fissures
Poor oral hygiene, cariogenic diet
Shallow non existent pits
Composition of sealants
Resin component based on dimethacrylate monomer:
-bisohenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA)
-urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)
Causes of tooth sensitivity
Exposed dentinal tubules to the oral cavity
Temperature (usually cold)
Sugar
Acidic food
Exposed root structure
Causes of hypersensitivity
Brushing too hard
Recession of the gums
Gum disease
Cracked teeth
Grinding your teeth
Plaque
What aids in decreasing sensitivity
Potassium nitrate
Strontium chloride
Zinc chloride
Instead of brushing right after eating erosive foods try
Rinsing with water
Rinsing with a fluoride solution
Chewing xylitol gum
What is allograft
Freeze dried bone from cadavers
What is autograft
Donor bone from clients own body
What is xenograft
Graft from other species (ex cows)
