Week 6

Question 1

Why are process mining algorithms with a poor precision usually not well-suited for auditing purposes?

Answer 1

Audit efforts might increase due to false positive test results.

Question 2

What do semantically annotated event logs mean?

Answer 2

The meaning of recorded events and their attributes is clear and well described.

Question 3

What are 4 reasons why system documentation is important?

Answer 3

• Process redesign and optimization
• Organizational change
• Knowledge management
• Legal requirements

Question 4

What does a metamodel provide information about?

Answer 4

A metamodel provides information about the model notation.

Question 5

What is the mismatch between management assumptions and reality?

Answer 5

The results that we get from process mining are very different to what we expected. This understanding of how management thinks processes look like is very different from reality.

Question 6

What does high precision mean?

Answer 6

High precision means that he model does not produce too many “false positives” or additional traces that were never seen in the actual logs, ensuring that the model is not overly general.

Question 7

What is the result of an unfitting model?

Answer 7

False negative audit results, compliance violations are not detected.

Question 8

What is the result of an imprecise model?

Answer 8

False positive audit results, compliance violations are indicated that did not occur in reality.

Question 9

What does the quality of an event log depend on?

Answer 9

The quality of an event log depends on the source system’s ability to record process relevant data.

Question 10

What is a challenge in using process mining in financial statement audits?

Answer 10

A challenge in using process mining in financial statement audits is the integration of key information concepts.

Question 11

Model fitness calculation

Answer 11

Percentage of cases than can be re-played by the model.

Question 12

Model precision calculation

Answer 12

Number of re-playable traces observed in the event log divided by the traces playable by the model.

Question 13

What does the initial path (first variant) display?

Answer 13

The initial path shows the most frequent ‘as is’ process flow across all process patterns.

Question 14

What is the happy path?

Answer 14

Most common variant

Question 15

What are 2 main additional benefits of checking conformance with Celonis?

Answer 15

1. Deviations to the process model are detected automatically.
2. Root causes of violations are detected automatically across the whole data model.

Question 16

What is noise in an event log?

Answer 16

Noise in an event log refers to rare or infrequent behavior.

Question 17

What is concept drift?

Answer 17

A process might work differently over a certain period of time

Question 18

What is the aim of organisational mining?

Answer 18

Analyzing social networks.

Question 19

What is a business process?

Answer 19

A set of related acitivities that work together, across the organisation, to achieve some predetermined organisational goal.

Question 20

What can process mining do with regards to the business process lifecycle?

Answer 20

Every process goes through this lifecycle. Process mining can extract information to determine if our business processes are actually doing the right thing or not.

Question 21

What is system documentation?

Answer 21

It encompasses narratives, flowcharts, diagrams and other written materials that explain how a system works. It covers the who, what, when, where, why and how of data entry, processing, storage, information outputs and system controls.

Question 22

What is process mining?

Answer 22

Process mining is kind of an X-ray that analyzes where the bottlenecks and data highways (among other things) are of the company. We get an understanding of what the business processes look like and try to analyze business processes as they take place in reality.

Question 23

What is the aim of process mining?

Answer 23

Extraction of information about business processes

Question 24

What does process mining encompas?

Answer 24

Techniques, tools and methods to discover, monitor and improve real processes by extracting knowledge from event logs.

Question 25

Is data mining supervised of unsupervised and for what 3 outputs can it be used?

Answer 25

Data mining is unsupervised and used for descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analysis.

Question 26

What does discovery relate to in process mining?

Answer 26

Discovery relates to findings that we might discover about the business processes that are different from management expectations.

Question 27

What is a process model?

Answer 27

An abstraction from the real business process. Its a graphical representation of activities that need to be executed collectively for realizing a specific business objective.

Question 28

What is a process instance?

Answer 28

A single execution of a business process (every time someone makes a cake using a recipe).

Question 29

What is a process instance model?

Answer 29

The model that describes a single process instance.

Question 30

What is an event?

Answer 30

Each executed activity in the business process creates an event (one row). Each event is mapped to a case in the event log.

Question 31

What is the event ID?

Answer 31

Each event has a unique event ID

Question 32

What is the event log?

Answer 32

A table that contains all recorded events that relate to executed business activities.

Question 33

What is a case?

Answer 33

A set of events in the event log that are mapped to the same case ID. It represents the recording of a single execution (process instance) of a specific business process.

Question 34

What is a trace?

Answer 34

The sequence of recorded events in a case.

Question 35

What are process variants?

Answer 35

Process executions of a specific process that represent identical traces.

Question 36

What are classifiers?

Answer 36

Ensure the distinctness of cases and events by mapping unique names to each case and event.

Question 37

What are attributes?

Answer 37

Store additional information that can be used for analytical purposes.

Question 38

What characterizes a-algorithm mining output?

Answer 38

we see logical operators

Question 39

What characterizes fuzzy miner output?

Answer 39

We see frequencies and dependency graphs.

Question 40

What are deterministic mining algorithms?

Answer 40

Defined and reproducible results, important for auditors.

Question 41

What are heuristic mining algorithms?

Answer 41

Incorporate frequencies of events and traces for reconstructing a process model.

Question 42

What are genetic mining algorithms?

Answer 42

Non-deterministic, mimics the process of natural evolution.

Question 43

What is conformance?

Answer 43

we want to analyze if the real execution of the business process aligns with the understanding of the process. Results in diagnostics to test if the model matches.

Question 44

What is the fitness?

Answer 44

Ability of a model to replay all behavior recorded in the event log.

Question 45

What is simplicity?

Answer 45

Assesses the complexity of the process model. The simplest model that can explain the observed behavior should be preferred.

Question 46

What is precision?

Answer 46

Measures how much behavior allowed by the model is actually observed in the event log. The model does not allow additional behavior very different from the behavior recorded in the event log.

Question 47

What is generalization?

Answer 47

Evaluates how well the model can generalize to unseen instances of the process. A process model is not exclusively restricted to display the eventually limited record of observed behavior in the event log.