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DA > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are BI systems enhanced with?

A

Additional visualizations, alerts and performance measurements capabilities

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1
Q

What is BI an evolution of and what is the difference between now and the past with usage?

A

BI is an evolution of decision support concepts over time, now everybody can use information systems where before these were only for executives.

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2
Q

What is the main objective of BI?

A

The main objective is to enable easy access to data and business managers to analyze it.

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3
Q

What does BI help with?

A

It helps to transform data into information, to improve decisions, and finally to implement action.

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4
Q

What are the 4 components of BI systems?

A
  1. Data warehouse with source data
  2. Business analytics (tools)
  3. Business performance management (BPM) = monitoring & analyzing performance
  4. A user interface (dashboard)
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5
Q

Who/what is DSS oriented towards and who is BI oriented towards?

A

DSS towards analysts

BI towards executive and strategy orientation

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6
Q

What kind of solution does DSS result in?

A

A customized solution for very unstructured problems

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7
Q

What is OLTP (online transaction processing)

A

Term used for transaction processing systems such as ERP, CRM, POS etc. for capturing and storing data.

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8
Q

What are OLTP (online transaction processing) used for?

A

OLTP is used to process routine operational business tasks and focus on processing and recording data in operational database systems.

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9
Q

What is OLAP (online analytical processing) and what is it used for?

A

OLAP is used for converting data into information for decision support. Focus is on analyzing data stored in a data warehouse through data cubes, drill-down / rollup, slide & dice etc.

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10
Q

What is an OLAP Cube?

A

A Cube in OLAP is a multidimensional data structure (actual or virtual) that allows fast analysis of data.

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11
Q

What is the list of OLAP operations?

A

Slice
Dice
Drill down/up
Roll up
Pivot

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12
Q

What is slice?

A

subset of a multidimensional array (multiple years + categories –> 1 year + categories)

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13
Q

What is dice?

A

A slice on more than two dimensions

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14
Q

What is drill down/up

A

navigating among levels of data

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15
Q

What is roll up?

A

Computing all of the data relationships for one or many dimensions.

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16
Q

What is Pivot?

A

Used to chance the dimensional orientation of a report or an ad hoc query-page display.

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17
Q

What 3 elements is Business Analytics usually categorized as?

A

Descriptive analytics
Predictive analytics
Prescriptive analytics

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18
Q

What is Big Data?

A

Big Data is the information asset characterized by such high volume, velocity and variety to require specific technology and analytical methods for its transformation into value.

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19
Q

What can a Data scientist do?

A

a data scientist can use big data to make discoveries and bring structure to data. They make analysis possible.

20
Q

What is a database?

A

A shared computerized structure that captures, stores and relates data.

21
Q

What is a database system?

A

A system of hardware, software, people, procedures and data that allow the capture, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.

22
Q

What is a database management system (DBMS)

A

A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide the interface between the database and the user as well as other application programs.

23
Q

What are the advantages of database systems?

A
  • Data integration
  • Data sharing
  • Minimizing data redundancy and data inconsistency
  • Data independence (seperate programs)
  • Cross-Functional Analysis
24
Q

What is a data warehouse?

A

A physical repository where relational data are specially organized to provide enterprise-wide, cleansed data in a structured format.

25
Q

What describes data warehouses?

A

The data warehouse is a collection of integrated, subject-oriented databases designed to support DSS functions, where each unit of data is non-volatile and relevant to some moment in time.

26
Q

What is a Data Mart?

A

A departmental small scale “DW” that stores only limited/relevant data.

27
Q

What is the difference between a dependent and independent data mart?

A

Dependent: subset directly from DW
Independent: small DW for specific part of company

28
Q

What is ETL?

A

Data Extraction, transformation and Load.

The purpose of ETL is to load the warehouse with integrated and cleansed data.

29
Q

What does the succes of LAP and data mining tools depend on?

A

OLAP and data mining tools rely on how well the data are transformed.

30
Q

What may performing extensive transformation be a sign of?

A

Performing extensive transformation may be a sign of poorly managed data and a fundamental lack of a coherent data management strategy.

31
Q

What are Data Lakes?

A

A system or repository of data, a single store of all enterprise data including raw copies of source system data. Used for tasks as reporting, visualization, analytics and machine learning.

32
Q

What are relational databases?

A

Datatables represent entity types. The tables are related or connected to each other through common fields that appear in two or more tables.

33
Q

What is metadata?

A

Data that describes other data?

34
Q

What is syntactic metadata?

A

Data describing the syntax of data (dictionary)

35
Q

What is structural metadata?

A

Data describing the structure of data (grammar book)

36
Q

What is semantic metadata?

A

Describing the meaning of data in a specific domain (encyclopedia)

37
Q

What is the data hierarchy?

A
  • Database
  • Entity set (Table/file)
  • Tuple (Row/Record)
  • Attribute (Column/Field)
38
Q

What is a spreadsheet?

A

Storage of data in tables with two dimensions

39
Q

What are database tables?

A

Databases store data in multiple tables that are related to each other via primary and foreign key relationships.

40
Q

What 3 points describes a primary key?

A
  • Each database table must have a primary key
  • This is a unique identifier for each record in a database table
  • The unique identifier is required to be able to identify and retrieve the records.
41
Q

What describes a Foreign key?

A
  • An attribute in one table that is a primary key in another table
  • used to link two tables
  • Ensure referential integrity.
42
Q

What are the main themes of big data?

A

Information, technology, methods and impact.

43
Q

What is the fundamental fuel of the big data phenomenom?

A

Information, not data

44
Q

What is Hadoop?

A

An open source framework that was specifically designed to deal with Big Data in a satisfactory manner.

45
Q

What is DQL?

A

Data query language

46
Q

What is DML?

A

Data manipulation Languange

47
Q

What is DDL

A

Data Definition Language

48
Q

What is the order of database elements from smallest to largest?

A

Data element, record, file, database

DA (8 decks)

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