Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

what is routine data

A

data collected routinely
- in a standardised and consistent way
- for administrative purposes rather than targeted at a specific study

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3
Q

why do we need routine data

A

for descriptive epidemiology
- to measure disease prevalence by groups of persons at risk, place and time
- to plan/assess disease prevention and patient management strategies
demography- study of human populations

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4
Q

advantages of routine data

A

often covers large populations, even whole countries
readily available and cheap

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5
Q

routine data can be used for?

A

to generate hypotheses
to assess a population and describe its baseline characteristics
to estimate disease prevalence or incidence of events -> sample size calculations when planning detailed studies

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6
Q

disadvantages of routine data

A

often not up to date
can be incomplete
variable of interest may not be collected
can be influenced by political pressure or financial constraints

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7
Q

population census

A

periodic count of number and characteristics of people by region

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8
Q

other routine data

A

birth, death, marriage and divorce registration

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9
Q

crude mortality rate

A

total no. of deaths
/
total population for specific time period

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10
Q

what is standardisation

A

often used to control for confounding effects of age so that rates of disease or mortality can be compared in populations with different age structures

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11
Q

direct standardisation

A

take the age specific rates from population of interest
apply them to a standard population
calculate the new death rate
- if the age specific rates had occurred in the standard population
obtain an age standardised rate which adjusts for the effect of age

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12
Q

indirect standardisation

A

find number of deaths expected if both populations had the same (standard) age-specific death rates, but kept their real age structure

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13
Q

standard mortality ration (SMR)

A

a measure expressed as either a ratio or percentage, to quantify an increase or decrease in mortality in a study cohort compared to the general population
calculated from expected deaths in study population
- had the population experienced the same age specific rates as the general population
= O/ Ex 100

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14
Q
A
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