week 6

Question 1

reflection-in-action

Answer 1

ability to think on ones’ feet (develops with experience, cognitive knowledge/development)

Question 2

reflection-on-action

Answer 2

thinking about the event after the fact: both reflective and reflexive

Question 3

what is a theory

Answer 3

-purposeful set of assumptions or propositions that ID the relationships between concepts
-systematic view for explaining, predicting, and prescribing phenomena

Question 4

what is a nursing theory

Answer 4

-knowledge about nursing organized for nurses to use in a professional and accountable manner
- a perspective for viewing clients situations, a way to organize data and method of analyzing and interpreting info and render nursing practice coherent and informed

Question 5

how do theories develop

Answer 5

from observation by nurses as they went about thier work

Question 6

who was Florence nightingale and why is she important

Answer 6

-first nursing theorist
-1860s began the modernization of nursing to a respectable profession
-contributed to the development of nursing science

Question 7

what is nursing science

Answer 7

unique body of knowledge about the practice of nursing. made up of nursing theories

Question 8

what do frameworks and models enable

Answer 8

the depiction of theoretical structures that would enable a nurse to grasp a clinical situation within the larger context of available options
-often referred to as nursing theories

Question 8

types of theory

Answer 8

conceptual framework
grand
mid-range
practice

Question 9

conceptual framework (type of theory)

Answer 9

philosophy of nursing-metaparadigm

Question 10

grand (type of theory)

Answer 10

broadest conceptualization of nursing, includes the concepts of the metaparadigm. Difficult to research because the definitions of the concepts cannot be easily measured

Question 11

mid-range (type of theory)

Answer 11

less abstract, more useful to nurses in practice, easier to research

Question 12

practice (micro) (type of theory)

Answer 12

aligns with specific practice areas. also relates to evidence-informed guidelines. most nurses cab work with these theories

Question 13

descriptive theory

Answer 13

describes phenomena, speculates on why phenomena occur and describes the consequences of phenomena. helps explain patient assessments and possibly guide future nursing research

Question 14

prescriptive theory

Answer 14

addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequence of a specific intervention

Question 15

what is metaparadigm

Answer 15

-set of concepts that define the important characteristics of a phenomena
- it is the framework by which nursing “explains” itself
-forms the set of theories or ideas that provide structure for how a DISCIPLINE should function

Question 16

4 metaparadigm concepts

Answer 16

health
environment
person
nursing

Question 17

health -metaparadigm concept

Answer 17

-beyond absence of illness
- physical, mental and social well-being. addressing disease and symptoms and preventative measures and education

Question 18

environment-metaparadigm concept

Answer 18

surroundings, circumstances and conditions in which the person exists
internal environment (within person) and external environment
-assess this in order to create therapeutic and supportive atmosphere conducive to healing and well being

Question 19

person-metaparadigm concept

Answer 19

encompasses physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions
-individual, family, community or population receiving care

Question 20

nursing- metaparadigm concept

Answer 20

patient centred and evidence-based, aiming to enhance health outcomes and improve the quality of life

Question 21

another way for nurses to understand their that isnt theories

Answer 21

ways of knowing

Question 22

what are the WAYS OF KNOWING

Answer 22

personal
empirical
ethical
aesthetics
emancipatory

Question 23

personal (WAYS OF KNOWING)

Answer 23

understanding of self and others through our own experiences (including experiential knowing)

Question 24

empirical (WAYS OF KNOWING)

Answer 24

use of data and scientific methods (rationalism and scientific inquiry)

Question 25

ethical (WAYS OF KNOWING)

Answer 25

-what morally correct and ought to be versus is or what is desired
-used in ethical dilemmas

Question 26

esthetical (WAYS OF KNOWING)

Answer 26

-art of nursing
- finding a meaning in life

Question 27

emancipatory (WAYS OF KNOWING)

Answer 27

-socio-political awareness…critical examination of things outside the issue that contribute to the issue
-used in advocacy…standing up for your clients

Question 28

types of theories

Answer 28

Practice based theories
- florence nightingale (grand theory)
-the mcgill model

Needs theroies-nurse focused
-virginia henderson (grand)
-dorothea orem- (self-care deficit theory-grand)

interactionist theories (client focused)
-hildegard peplau-mental health- interpersonal relationship theory (mid-range)
-joyce travelbee-human to human theory (grand)

systems theories
- dorothy johnson
- better neuman
- sister callista roy

Simultaneity theories (unitary process theories)
- martha rogers
- rosemarie parse
- jean watson

Question 29

other names for evidence informed practice

Answer 29

• Research based nursing practice
• evidence based practice
• evidence based decision making
• evidence informed practice

Question 30

what is evidence informed practice

Answer 30

-utilization of research by nurses in their practice
- aligns with nursing research and quality improvement

Question 31

why is it important to stay current

Answer 31

-scientific findings become outdated and practices based on these findgings can become unsafe
-nursing has an ethical obligation as members of a self-regulating discipline to be constantly aware of new knowledge to keep our patients safe
-life long learning

Question 32

7 steps to making sense of the evidence

Answer 32

1. ask the clinical question
2. design the study
3. research literacy: ID and critique existing evidence
4. collect the best evidence
5. analyze evidence
6. integrate the evidence
7. make recommendations (evaluate the practice decision or change)

Question 33

what format are clinical questions written in to allow investigation

Answer 33

PICOT
P: patient population of interest
I: intervention of interest
C: comparison of interest
O: outcome
T: time

Question 34

brief history of nursing research

Answer 34

-florence nightinglae 1860s
- university courses 1950s
- nursing research journals 1960s
- doctoral prgrams 1991
- funding to support nursing research 1980s

Question 35

when researching

Answer 35

-begins with a researchable question (what? what is the relationship? why?) Level of question determines the research design
-two methodologies
-quantitative research level 2 and 3 questions (experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive survey designs, exploratory descriptive designs, data analysis)
-qualitative research-level 1 (ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, participatory action research, interpretive descriptive research, narrative inquiry, transferability)

Question 36

ethical issues in nursing research

Answer 36

rights of research participants
- research ethics board
-informed consent

principles
- respect for human dignity
- respect for persons
- concern for welfare
- respect for privacy and confidentiality
- justice

Question 37

why is research evidence important

Answer 37

-basis for decision making in clinical practices
-essential for providing competent, efficient care
- advancing nursing asa profession

Question 38

nurse’s need

Answer 38

-skills to access and appraise existing research
- scientific knowledge and skills to change practice settings and promote evidence-informed decisions
-skills to produce knowledge, answer practice questions through research

Question 39

theory, research and evidence informed nursing practice have the goal of

Answer 39

• improving patient outcomes
• each are expected ETP competencies for RNs in canada