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pro nursing I > week 5 > Flashcards

week 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the essence of nursing

A

caring

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2
Q

what is critical to develop critical thinking skills

A

communication

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3
Q

what are the components of critical thinking in nursing

A

-specific knowledge base
- experience in nursing
-critical thinking competences
-attitudes for critical thinking
-standards for critical thinking

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4
Q

aspects of critical thinking competencies

A
  1. general critical thinking competencies (scientific method, problem solving and decision making)
  2. specific critical thinking competencies in clinical situations (diagnostic reasoning, clinical inference and clinical decision-making)
  3. specific critical thinking competency in nursing (use of nursing process)
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5
Q

aspects for attitudes for critical thinking

A
  1. independence (own thinking, objectivity and honesty)
  2. fair-mindedness (neutral judgements without bias)
  3. aware of self-limits (knwoing limits of intellect and experiences)
  4. integrity (challenging own ideas and methods of providing nursing care)
  5. perseverance (motivated)
  6. confidence (trusting the skills and intellect abilities)
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6
Q

aspects for standards for critical thinking

A
  1. intellectual standards
  2. professional standards
  3. ethical criteria for nursing judgement
  4. criteria for evaluation
  5. professional responsibility
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7
Q

examples of cognitive skills used for critical thinking

A

interpretation-be orderly in data collection. look for patterns to categorize data
anaylsis- be open minded. avoid careless assumptions
inference-examine meanings and relationship in the data
evaluation- assess all situations objectively
explanation- support your findings and conclusion
self-regulation-reflect on your experiences

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8
Q

ways to develop critical thinking skills

A

-case based learning: case studies, problem based learning simulation, virtual reality
-reflective writing: deliberate process of active reflection, purposeful recall of a situation, invites sex examination in lieu of a clinic/care scenario
- concept mapping: relates interventions, data, evaluation, needs, diagnoses, visual represention of a client’s health problem

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9
Q

critical thinking competencies

A
  • scientific methods: systematic, orderly way of gathering data to solve problems
    -problem solving: using available resources to solve patient’s problem holistically, evaluating solutions over time
    -decision making: problem resolution, reasoned decisions, attentive to all details
    -Critical Thinking in clinical situation: diagnostic reasoning, clinical inference, clinical reasoning
    -clinical decision making: defining patient’s problems, making sound judgements
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10
Q

why should we use critical thinking?

A

-allows for different approaches to problems
- elicits creativity, confidence, wisdom and prudent clinical judgement
-not linear, rather complex, fluid and built over time
- nurses test and refine their problem-solving abilities
- helps save time, energy, resources and quality of client-centred care
-includes both process and skills
- requires both purposive and reflective reasoning
- breaks routine and standardized ways of doing things

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11
Q

the clinical reasoning cycle

A

-consider the patient situation
- collect cues/information
- process information
- identify problems/issues
- establish goals
- take action
- evaluate outcomes
- reflect on process and new learning

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12
Q

what is the purpose of assessment

A

establish an individualized database about the patient’s health status that includes their percieved needs, health challenges and problems and responds to these challenges or problems

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13
Q

what is assessment

A

-deliberate and systematic collection of the data to determine a patient’s current and past health and functional status and determine the patients present and past coping patterns
-steps: collect and verify data from primary and secondary sources, anaylze all the data so that you can develop nursing diagnoses, identifying collaborative problems and develop a plan of individualized care

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14
Q

nursing process

A

ADPIE
assessment
diagnosis
planning
implementation
evaluation

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15
Q

methods of data collection-nursing assessment

A

-patient interview
- nursing health history
- physical examination findings
- results of laboratory and diagnostic

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16
Q

nursing assessment-interview

A

-establish a database to collect subjective info
-organized conversation to obtain the health history and info abt the currently illness
- Orientation, working, termination

17
Q

how is critical thinking applied during interviews-nursing assessment

A

-introduce yourself to the patient, explain role and role of other health care providers
-establish a caring therapeutic relationship
- obtain insight about the concerns and worries
- determine the goals and expectations
- obtain cues about which parts of the data collection phase needs more investigation
-become partners with the patient during the interview

18
Q

working phase of the interview

A

-gathers info about health status
-using active thinking, paraphrasing and summarizing to promote a clear interaction
-open ended questions (determine patient’s priority)

19
Q

why use concept mapping in clincial reasoning

A

illustrates the linkages between the patient’s diagnosis, presenting symptoms and identify a plan from the info gathered
-visualize the nursing process

20
Q

types of concept maps

A

-hierarchical maps (essential data at the top and group info)
- spider maps
- flow charts
-system maps (outputs, inputs and flow diagram)

21
Q

critical thinking in the nursing process-formulating nursing diagnosis

A

-describes responses to health conditions or life process of individuals, family for community
- risk diagnosis
- health promotion diagnosis
- wellness nursing diagnosis

22
Q

what are implementations of nursing interventions

A

-organizing and managing planned care
- aiding with activities of daily living (ADLs)
- counseling or teaching the patient and family
- providing care or delegating care to others

23
Q

types of nursing care

A

direct care
indirect care
consultation

24
Q

types of nursing interventions

A

independent
dependent- order from physicians
collaborative

25
Q

how is critical thinking used in implementation of nursing interventions…what does it allow

A

-CT ensures that intervention is correct and appropriate for the clinical situation
- allows for good judgement, decision making and reassessment before each intervention is performed

26
Q

when a nurse is thinking critically

A

-review the set of all possible nursing interventions
-reviews all possible consequences
- determines the probability of all possible consequences
- determines the effect of the intervention on the patient

27
Q

evaluation-what are the two components and what is CT role in evaluation

A
  1. examination of a condition or situation
  2. a judgment as to whether change has occurred
    - final step of nursing process
    -nurse reviews the expected outcomes for the patient and judges whether the planned goals have been successful
    -gathers patient data to from nursing diagnoses to develop and implement a plan of care
    -maintain standard of care
    -anticipate expected outcomes-the change that occur in patients wellbeing in response to nursing care
28
Q

what does evaluation ensure

A

that nursing care helped the patient

29
Q

what happens for evaluation and when is it

A

-whenever contact is made
-get subjective data and objective data
- gets info about all facets of the patients’ health, including the past medical history are considered

30
Q

what are the 5 elements of evaluation

A
  1. ID evaluative criteria and standards
  2. collecting data to determine whether the criteria or standards have been met
  3. interpret and summarize findings
  4. document findings and clinical judgment
  5. terminating, continuing or revising the care plan

pro nursing I (5 decks)

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