Week 6 Flashcards
When assessing a study’s validity we are seeking to understand that:
There is a casual relationship between the independent and dependent
For what type of data is validity and rigor typically used
Validity - quantitative data
Rigor - qualitative data
Define attention bias
People are aware of the study so they act differently - placebo effect
Define volunteer or referral bias
Commonly occurs when the participants have volunteered to be part of the research study
The problem is that the people who have volunteered may be more motivated than other people in the population
Define intervention or performance bias
Involves bias which relates to the how the treatment itself was carried out such as
- Contamination
- Co-intervention
- Timing of intervention
- Site of intervention
- Different administrators of the intervention
Define cofounding bias
When a result is published as say positive or negative due to the independent variable but it is actually due to an outside cofounding variable
To put it better with an example an investigator states that weight gain is occurring due to the amount of exercise people are completing, but age is not taken into consideration despite having some impact
Define publication bias
Only publishing the positive or the beneficial results
Define recall bias
Something happened a long time ago so it is not properly remembered
Define information bias
Is your measurement reliable (equipment and questionnaire)
In what ways are the investigators influencing the study
Define selection bias
Not everybody has the same chance to get into the treatment
Selective inclusion in a study
Cases and controls are not comparable
Define effectiveness studies
Are carried out in less controlled situations that are closer to real life
Define efficacy studies
These focus on demonstrating internal validity through a highly controlled methodology
