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Psych of Addictions > Week 5c: Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Week 5c: Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Personality Disorder Diagnosed if traits are:

  • persistently maladaptive; lead to chronic difficulty in interpersonal, occupational, and social functioning
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2
Q

2 definitions of Personality Disorders:

A
  • ​Personality disorders are associated with ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others that significantly and adversely affect how an individual functions in many aspects of life
  • Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment”

~6-9% of Canadians have a personality disorder

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3
Q

6 criteria for Personality Disorders

A
  1. Must show up in at least two of the following areas: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
  2. Enduring pattern of behaviour that consistently shows up across a broad range of social and personal situations.
  3. Leads to distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
  4. Stability and long duration of symptoms, with onset in adolescence or earlier.
  5. Cannot be accounted for by another mental disorder.
  6. Not result of substance use (not only when using) or of another medical condition.
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4
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric Personality Disorders

Detachment from others and limited (flat) range of emotional expressions

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5
Q

Personality Disorder: Cluster B

A

Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic

Manipulative, volatile, and uncaring in social relationships

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6
Q

Personality Disorder: Cluster C

A

Anxious & Fearful Personality Disorders

  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • Obsessive-Compulsive

Extremely concerned about being criticized or abandoned by others and thus have dysfunctional relationships with them.

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7
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder (short)

A

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

  • Rapidly shifting moods, unstable relationships, and intense need for attention and approval; excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviour.
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8
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (short)

A

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

  • Pervasive pattern of criminal, impulsive, callous, or ruthless behaviour; disregard for rights of others; no respect for social norms. ​
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9
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder (short)

A

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

  • Rapidly shifting and unstable mood & self-concept; Unstable interpersonal relationships; Marked impulsivity. Key trait: Instability
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10
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (short)

A

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

  • Grandiose thoughts and feelings of one’s own worth; obliviousness to others’ needs; need for admiration; lack of empathy.
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11
Q

Personality Disorder: Cluster A

A

Odd & Eccentric Personality Disorders

  • Paranoid
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal

Symptoms similar to schizophrenia, but maintaining grasp on reality.

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12
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric Personality Disorders

Cognitive or perceptual distortions, eccentric behaviour. Distortions or odd thoughts.

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13
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric Personality Disorders

Distrustful, suspicious, negative interpretation of others’ intentions. People’s intentions are often

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14
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (short)

A

Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful Personality Disorders

Ritual behaviours, preoccupation with orderliness and cleanliness

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15
Q

Avoidant/Dependant Personality Disorder (short)

A

Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful Personality Disorders

Avoidant and Dependent

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16
Q

PD: Other

A
  • Personality change due to medical condition
  • Other or unspecified
    • meeting general but not specific criteria
17
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (BPD) (long)

A

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

Person just doesn’t care or empathize

  1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest
  2. Deceitfulness
  3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
  4. Irritability and aggressiveness
  5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
  6. Consistent irresponsibility
  7. Lack of remorse

___________

Comorbidity

Of all personality disorders, APD has highest association with substance abuse (in men). ex. In a sample of 200 male alcoholics, 49% met the diagnostic criteria for APD

Childhood precursors: ADHD, conduct disorders

➡︎ themselves are associated with adult substance use disorders

Shame often felt if problem realized ➡︎ self-medication

Denial: Easier to blame others for problems

May not consider the personality trait causing problems as undesirable
➡︎ Rationalization, Minimalization

Difficulty regulating behaviour and affect intolerance ➡︎ substance abuse

Drugs provide immediate gratification followed by regressive behaviors (impulsivity, self-centeredness, passivity, affect intolerance)

________

Diagnosis of APD is based largely on behaviour (that is illegal or harmful to others)

APD often co-occurs with substance use disorders because:

Willingness to break the law is part of drug-taking

Circumstances that lead to crime can lead to addiction

Drugs disinhibit behaviour

Both could be related to stimulation-seeking preference

18
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) (long)

A

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders

  • Characterized by instability of mood; abandonment depression; unstable sense of own identity (self-concept); instability in (often very intense) interpersonal relationships (rapidly switch from idolizing to despising others). Very sensitive to criticism.
  • May engage in self-destructive acts, abuse substances, undermine acheivements. Likely to overdose or try prescription drugs.

Substance abuse likely to blunt intensity of emotions. Abstinence essential.

Diagnostic criteria for BPD

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 or more of the following 9 criteria:

  1. Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
  2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships
  3. Identity disturbance: marked and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
  4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging
  5. Recurrent suicidal behaviour, gestures, or threats or self-mutilating behavior
  6. Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood
  7. Chronic feelings of emptiness
  8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
  9. Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
19
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder (long)

A
  • Distinguished by attention-seeking behaviours: Overly dramatic, self-centered, always wanting to be the ‘life of the party’.
  • Insincere & shallow, easily annoyed if they feel ignored: Difficulty with relationships.
20
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (long)

A

Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, & lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, indicated by 5 or more of the 9 following criteria:

  1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance
  2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
  3. Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions)
  4. Requires excessive admiration
  5. Has a sense of entitlement
  6. Is interpersonally exploitative
  7. Lacks empathy
  8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her
  9. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes
21
Q

Narcissism

A

Excessive interest in

  • oneself
  • one’s appearance
22
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Essential features are pattern:

  • marked impulsivity
  • instability of affects
  • interpersonal relationships
  • self image
23
Q

Three-dimensional model of personality for addiction

(Cloninger, 1987)

(CloningerHNR)

A
  1. Harm avoidant
  2. Novelty seeking
  3. Reward dependent

Maladaptive motivational structure: also important. Can’t maintain motivation to achieve goals

24
Q

Two personality disorders have the highest correlation with substance abuse

A
  • Narcissism
  • Borderline personality disorder
25
Q

how Depression, Mood and Feelings affect addiction

A
  • Disturbances in these common causes of addiction, especially in women
  • Negative affect states incentivise self-medication.
  • Can spiral into pattern of isolation that exacerbates affective disorder and can develop to social phobia
26
Q

All the ways we have of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that make each of us unique.

A

Personality

27
Q

Narcissism

A

Excessive interest in

  • oneself
  • one’s appearance
28
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Essential features are pattern:

  • marked impulsivity
  • instability of affects
  • interpersonal relationships
  • self image
29
Q

Three-dimensional model of personality for addiction

(Cloninger, 1987)

(CloningerHNR)

A
  1. Harm avoidant
  2. Novelty seeking
  3. Reward dependent

Maladaptive motivational structure: also important. Can’t maintain motivation to achieve goals

30
Q

Two personality disorders have the highest correlation with substance abuse

A
  • Narcissism
  • Borderline personality disorder
31
Q

how Depression, Mood and Feelings affect addiction

A
  • Disturbances in these common causes of addiction, especially in women
  • Negative affect states incentivise self-medication.
  • Can spiral into pattern of isolation that exacerbates affective disorder and can develop to social phobia
32
Q

All the ways we have of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that make each of us unique.

A

Personality

33
Q

A complex pattern of behaviour, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and across many situations.

A

Personality Trait

34
Q

Aware they have the problem and don’t like it. Dissonant.

A

Egodystonic

35
Q

Don’t know they have a problem and thinks others do

A

Egosyntonic

Psych of Addictions (12 decks)

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