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C&M Upper Limb > Week 5: The Hand > Flashcards

Week 5: The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What types of joints are the small joints of the hand?

A

synovial

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2
Q

What happens when you flex the MCP, PIP and DIP joints?

A

makes a fist

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3
Q

Which two groups of muscles allow movement of the fingers and thumbs?

A
  1. Extrinsic muscles: muscles in the anterior and posterior forearm whose tendons travel down into the hand
  2. Intrinsic muscles: muscles located in the hand
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4
Q

There are 4 groups of intrinsic hand muscles and 1 single muscle. What are they?

A
  1. The Thenar Eminence
  2. The hypothenar eminence
  3. The lumbrical muscles
  4. The interosseous muscles (interossei)

Single muscles: adductor pollicis

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5
Q

What is the thenar eminance?

A
  • group of 3 muscles
  • lie in the palm below the thumb
  • move the thumb
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6
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A
  • group of 3 muscles
  • lie in the palm below the little finger
  • move the little finger
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7
Q

How many lumbrical muscles do we have?

A

4 - each one is attached to an FDP tendon

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8
Q

What is the interosseous muscles (interossei)?

A
  • muscles that lie between adjacent metacarpals

- there are 3 in the palm and 4 in the dorsum

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9
Q

What is the adductor pollicis?

A

a single muscle that lies in the palm and adducts the thumb

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10
Q

Which intrinsic muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A
  • the hypothenar eminence muscles
  • all the interossei
  • the medial 2 lumbrical muscles (to the 4th and 5th digits)
  • adductor pollicis
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11
Q

Which intrinsic muscles does the median nerve innervate?

A
  • thenar eminence muscles

- lateral 2 lumbricals

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12
Q

Which 3 muscles make up the thenar eminence and what are their functions?

A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis - abductor
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis - flexor
  3. Opponens pollicis (deeper) - opposer
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13
Q

Where do the thenar eminence muscles originate

A

carpal bones

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14
Q

Where does each thenar eminance muscle insert

A
  1. APB = base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  2. FPB = base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  3. OP = 1st metacarpal
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15
Q

How does the OP lie in relation to the APB?

A

Deep

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16
Q

Which nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

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17
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the hypothenar eminence?

A
  1. Abductor digiti minimi
  2. Flexor digiti minimi
  3. Opponens digiti minimi (deeper)
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18
Q

Where do the hypothenar eminence muscles originate?

A

carpal bones (centred on the hamate and pisiform)

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19
Q

Where do the hypothenar eminence muscles insert?

A
  1. ADM and FDM = base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
  2. ODM = 5th metacarpal
20
Q

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

21
Q

Where does the adductor pollicis originate?

A

3rd metacarpal and capitate

22
Q

Where does the adductor pollicis insert?

A

base of the proximal phalanx of thumb

23
Q

What is the function of the adductor pollicis?

A

adducts the thumb

24
Q

What nerve is the adductor pollicis innervated by

A

deep branch of the ulnar

25
Q

Where do the lumbrical muscles originate?

A

tendons of FDP

26
Q

Where do the lumbrical muscles insert?

A

base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion

27
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles?

A
  • MCJP flexion

- PIPJ and DIPJ extension

28
Q

Which nerves innervate the lumbrical muscles?

A

medial 2 = ulnar nerve
lateral 2 = median nerve

innervated by the same nerve as their parent FDP

29
Q

where do the palmar interossei originate?

A

metacarpals

30
Q

Where do the palmar interossei insert?

A

base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansionn

31
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A
  • adducts fingers

- contribute to flexion at MCJPs and extension at the PIPJs and DIPJs via their insertion onto the extensor expansion

32
Q

Which nerve innervates the palmar interossei?

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

33
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

34
Q

Where do the dorsal interossei originate?

A

metacarpals

35
Q

Where do the dorsal interossei insert?

A

base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion

36
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A
  • abduct fingers
  • contribute to flexion at the MCPJs and extension at the PIPJs and DIPJs via their insertion onto the extensor expansion
37
Q

Which nerve innervates the dorsal interossei?

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

38
Q

The radial and ulnar arteries anastomose in the palm to form what?

A

palmar arches

39
Q

What arises from the palmar arch?

A

metacarpal and digit arteries

40
Q

Which carpal bone is most commonly dislocated?

A

lunate

41
Q

What is meant by a ‘claw hand’?

A
  • describes a hand after injury to the ulnar nerve
  • hyperextension of MCP joints of the 4th and 5th digits
  • flexion at PIP and DIP joints of 4th and 5th
42
Q

what are the possible movements of the fingers?

A

flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

43
Q

Which joints are predominately affected in osteoarthritis?

A

proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

44
Q

Which joints are characteristically affected in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

metacarpals

45
Q

Where do the palmar interossei lie in relation to lumbricals and FDP?

A

Deep to

46
Q

Where does the 1st dorsal interossei lie?

A

in the web space between the thumb and the 1st digit

47
Q

What is the Allens test?

A
  • arterial blood gas at the radial artery
  • Occlude arteries and squeeze hand - hand will turn whiter
  • Release one finger on the radial side and hand will turn red - radial artery repurfuses
  • Release one finger on the ulnar side and hand will turn red - ulnar artery reperfuses

C&M Upper Limb (10 decks)

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