Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 Exercise Physiology > Week 5 - Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Week 5 - Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract contain?

A 
Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract contain?

A 
Trachea
Lungs
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
--Conducting
---Terminal
--Respiratory
-Alveolar duct
-Alveolar sacs
-Alveolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the conduction zone contain?

A 
Trachea
Lungs
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
--Conducting
---Terminal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the respiratory zone contain?

A
  • -Respiratory
  • Alveolar duct
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of alveoli cells?

A

Type I

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Type I alveoli cells

A

Form the lining

Primary cite of gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Type II alveoli cells

A

Tiny microvilli
Collecting debris
Pulmonary secretions (reduce alveolar surface tension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the respiratory control centres?

A

Groups of neurons that control how we breath (depth and frequency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the areas of the pons?

A

Apneustic area

Pneumatixic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is within the medulla oblongata?

A

Rhymiticity area

-Ventral and dorsal respiratory group (VRG and DRG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the phrenic nerve signal and via wha?

A

Diaphragm via C3-C5 root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the intercostal nerve signal and via wha?

A

Intercostal muscles via T1-T11 root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of receptors?

A

Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
-Stretch receptors (pressure and distortion)
Irritant receptors
Peripheral Proprioceptors (within muscles and joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are chemoreceptors?

A

Centrally and peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are peripheral chemoreceptors located?

A

Carotid body

Aortic body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the muscles involved in respiration?

A

Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Abdominal muscles (rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, internal/external obliques)
Accessory muscles- sternocleidomstoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

“Pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to volume of container at a constant temperature”

18
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inhalation?

A

Diaphragm- Flattens

External intercostal muscles- Up and out (elevation of the ribs)

19
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during exhalation (rest?

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles return to original length due to alveoli containing elastin fibres (elastic recoil)

20
Q

What is the formula to calculate airway resistance?

A

= 8nL/Pie(rcubed)

n=viscosity

21
Q

What is the formula to calculate airflow?

A

=(p1-p2)/R

22
Q

During exercise what muscles are used during exhalation?

A

Internal intercostals
External obliques
Rectus and transverse abdominus

23
Q

What is the basic function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Rhymicity- controls basic rate of breathig

24
Q

What type of neuron is the DRG mainly composed of?

Where does the DRG send impulses to?

A

Inspiratory

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

25
Q

Where does the DRG receive signal from?

A 
Vagus nerve (X)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Pneumotaxic area
Apneustic area
Central chemoreceptors
26
Q

What type of neurons is the VRG mainly composed of?

Where does the VRG send impulses to?

A

Both inspiratory and expiratory
Laryngeal, pharyngeal, diaphragm, external intercostal muscles (inspiratory signals)
Abdominal muscles, internal/external intercostals (expiratory signals)

27
Q

Describe the apneustic area

A

Within the Pons
Prolonged and slow rate of breathing
Overridden by pneumotaxic area

28
Q

Describe the pneumotaxic area

A

Within the Pons

Inhibatory impulses and limits duration (to the inspiratory center in the medulla oblongata

29
Q

What is the product and catalyst for CO2 and H2O?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

H2CO3 (can lead to HCO3- and H+)

30
Q

What are the chemoreceptors most sensitive about?

A

Levels of acidity ([H+])

31
Q

Where are stretch receptors found?

A

Within the lungs- smooth muscles of bronchi, bronchioles and visceral pleura)

32
Q

What volume do the lungs reach when a signal is set and via what nerve is the signal sent?

A

Roughly 800mL

via vagus nerve- interacts with pneumotaxic area, apneustic area and DRG –> inhibits VRG

33
Q

Where are irratant receptors found and what nerve is used and what is the outcome?

A

Nose and bronchioles
Vagus nerve
Sneeze or cough

34
Q

What disease can the flow volume loop be used to assess?

A 
Obstructive diseases (COPD and asthma)
Restrictive diseases
35
Q

Describe the flow volume loop of someone with an obstructive disease

A

Same peak, lowers faster (same RV)

Same inhalation

36
Q

Describe the flow volume loop of someone with an restrictive disease

A

TLV goes down

Same shape as healthy but all smaller

37
Q

What does minute ventilation =?

A

Breathing rate x tidal volume

38
Q

How does an increase in VE affect pulmonary volumes?

A

Decrease in IRV
Decreases in ERV
No change in RV
Increase in Vt

39
Q

What is ventilatory threshold?

A

“The point at which pulmonary ventilation increases disproportionately with oxygen consumption during graded exercise”

40
Q

How is ventilatory threshold found?

A

By plotting:
Ve
VO2
VCO2

41
Q

What is the respiratory compensation point?

A

Further increase in Ve to counter change in pH

42
Q

What is ventilatory equivalents

A

Amount of air ventilated to obtain 1L of O2 or expire 1L of CO2

Y2 Exercise Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions