Week 5 Power and Influence

Question 1

The forms of power

Answer 1

1. Force
2. Manipulation
3. Persuasion

Question 2

Force as a form of power

Answer 2

1. The ultimate form of force is violence.
2. There is difference between the use of force and threatening to use force. The difference is that the threat is an example of social relations in which the threatener engages in communication with the the other at a symbolic level.
3. Force is most effective in preventing or restricting people from acting than in causing them to act in a given way.

Question 3

Manipulation as a form of power

Answer 3

When the power holder conceals its intent from the power subject

Question 4

Persuasion as a form of power

Answer 4

Where the power holder presents arguments, appeals or exhortations to the power subject, and the power subject, after independently evaluating their content in light of his own values and goals, accepts the power holders communication as the basis of its own behavior.

Question 5

Two main forms of manipulation without social relations

Answer 5

1. The power holder may exercise control over the power subject through symbolic communications designed to make veiled suggestions to limit or determine selectively the power subject’s information supply. (Commercial advertising and political propaganda).
2. The power holder alters the power subjects environment in such a way as to evoke a desired response from the power subject without interacting with him at all. (Setting of prices by sellers in a market economy).

Question 6

Intentionality

Answer 6

Power can not be accidental or coincidental

Question 7

Hard power

Answer 7

Military + economic means. Force

Question 8

Soft power

Answer 8

The ability to get a preferred outcome through co-optive means of agenda setting, persuasion and attraction

Question 9

Smart power

Answer 9

Strategic combination of hard & soft power

Question 10

Normative power

Answer 10

Capacity to shape and influence the norms, values and behaviours of others through persuasion

Question 11

Criticism normative power Europe (NPE)

Answer 11

1. double standards not always consistent, based on own interests.
2. Not always based on universal values.
3. EU also uses hard power, not always soft power.

Question 12

Power dynamics

Answer 12

refers to the ways in which power is distributed and exercised within a relationship or between groups, and how it shapes interactions, decisions, and outcomes

Question 13

Examples of hard power

Answer 13

Coercive force, military strength and economic sanctions

Question 14

Examples of soft power

Answer 14

Diplomatic influence, cultural appeal and normative power