Week 5: Part 1: Representations, Myths and Erasures Flashcards

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1
Q

Masculinization Thesis

A

discussion of how women are portrayed and considered by the courts, media and society in general

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2
Q

Victimization-criminalization continuum

A
  • The victimization-criminalization continuum challenges victims and offenders
  • Kaiser-derrick says that it recognizes women’s criminality as ‘connected to their experiences of victimization, and that women’s responses to victimization can lead to criminalization
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3
Q

Factors that Impact Victimization and Criminalization in lives of women

A

History of Abuse

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4
Q

Factors that Impact Victimization and Criminalization in lives of women
Racism and Discrimination

A
  • 10% of incarcerated women were black

- Indigenous women were over-represented within prison populations (provincially and federally)

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5
Q

Factors that Impact Victimization and Criminalization in lives of women
Drug and Alcohol Abuse

A
  • Most incarcerated women histories include substance abuse
  • 79% male youth cannabis related cases
  • 66% female youth cannabis related cases
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6
Q

Factors that Impact Victimization and Criminalization in lives of women
Poverty & Financial Stress

A
  • 1 in 7 live in poverty
  • 1 in 5 women live at or below poverty
  • 2.5 million women were living in poverty during 1993/1994
    Two decades later 21% women were single mothers living in poverty (average income $42,300)
  • Financial strain and criminal behaviour (shoplifting, drug importation, drug trafficking)
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7
Q

Factors that Impact Victimization and Criminalization in lives of women
Education Level

A
  • 59% women employed with high school diploma, 38% employment for women with some high school education
  • 2015 - 69.3% women employed high school diploma, 83.1 employment for women with university degree; men 81.9% with high school diploma employed, 89.9% with university degree
  • 80% of incarcerated women were unemployed (1996) compared to men at 54%
  • ⅓ or 35% of women in provincial facilities had a grade 9 education or less and about half of federal inmates (48%) had grade 9 education or less
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8
Q

Factors that Impact Victimization and Criminalization in lives of women
Relationship Violence

A
  • Spouses - 45% to abuse
  • Friends/acquaintances - 27%
  • Strangers - 16%
  • Non-spousal family members - 12%
  • National average of relationship violence was 252.9 per 100,000 (Ontario 166.9 per 100,000)
  • Ottawa had the highest (327.9 per 100,000)
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