Week 5: Pain concepts and assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Related Pathways for different classifications and types of pain mechanism

A

Nociceptive = tissue
* Somatic structures (skin, muscles, connective tissue,
bones, joints)
* Visceral structures (visceral organs such as liver, gastro‐
intestinal tract).

Neuropathic = nerve

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2
Q

Afferent pathways

A

nociceptors (pain receptors)
afferent nerve fibres
spinal cord network

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3
Q

CNS pathway

A

the limbic system
* reticular formation
* thalamus
* hypothalamus
* cortex

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4
Q

Efferent pathways

A

reticular formation
* midbrain
* substantia gelatinosa in dorsal horn

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5
Q

transduction

A

conversion of mechanical, chemical and thermal stimulus into neuronal action potential to release of substances and a change in the charge released along the neuron membrane via transfers of ions channels

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6
Q

Transmission

A

stimulated nocieptors transmit impulses to the CNS via sensory fibres
from injury site to spinal cord
spinal cord to brain stem & thalamus
thalamus to cortex & other brain structures

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7
Q

ascending = sensory

A

Complex transmission from periphery to dorsal
root of spinal cord
o Terminate in dorsal horn
o Signals communicate with local interneurons
o Neurons with long axons ascend to brain

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8
Q

descending = motor

A
  • Can be modulated
    o Chemical substances
    o Gate theory
    o Actions
  • Selective response to stimuli
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9
Q

Perception

A

in the brain nociceptors processed as pain

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10
Q

Modulation

A

neurons originating in the brain stem descend to the spinal cord and release substances that change and inhibit nociceptive impulses

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11
Q

Gate theory

A
  • Gate theory: tactile non‐noxious stimuli inhibits pain signal
    transmission
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12
Q

Somatoform pain disorder

A

Pain caused, increased, or prolonged by mental,
emotional, or behavioural factors

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13
Q

Breakthrough pain

A

Sudden onset
* Short duration
* Unresponsive to normal pain management

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14
Q

Intractable pain

A
  • Pain that is not relieved by ordinary
    medical, surgical or nursing measures.
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15
Q

Phantom pain

A

Pain felt in a body part that is missing

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16
Q

Referred pain

A

Felt at a site other than
the injured/ diseased
organ/body part