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FNN 201: Nutrition Through the Lifespan > Week 5: Nutritional Assessment- Anthropometric > Flashcards

Week 5: Nutritional Assessment- Anthropometric Flashcards

1
Q

why is it essential for health professionals to be able to determine the nutritional status of individuals?

A

continuing presence of nutrition related disease

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2
Q

nutritional assessment is essential in determining….?

A

whether a person is at nutritional risk, what the nutritional problem is, how to best treat it, and monitor person’s response to treatment

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3
Q

Which step is nutritional assessment in the nutrition care process?

A

first step

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4
Q

how many steps are in the nutrition care process and what are they?

A

4- anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary assessment

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5
Q

What is NCP?

A

(nutrition care process)- systematic problem solving method where dietetic practitioners use critical thinking to make evidence based decisions addressing nutrition related problems

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6
Q

why was the NCP established?

A

provide consistent, standardized process for delivery of nutrition related care to patients that’s safe, effective, high quality

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7
Q

What does the NCP ensure?

A

less variation of practice and higher degree of predictability in terms of outcome

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8
Q

What are the steps of NCP?

A
  1. Nutrition assessment
  2. Nutrition diagnosis
  3. Nutrition intervention
  4. Nutrition monitoring and evaluation
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9
Q

What is NCP centered around? How is it put into practice?

A

patient/client centered; respectful, empathetic, non judgmental, culturally sensitive, demonstrate good listening skills

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10
Q

What does nutrition assessment entail?

A

-food/nutrition history
- anthropometrics
- biochemical lab data
- physical findings
- client history

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11
Q

What does nutrition diagnosis entail?

A

intake, clinical, behavioral- environmental; write PES

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12
Q

What does nutrition Intervention entail?

A

food/nutrient, nutrition education, counselling, care

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13
Q

What does nutrition monitoring & evaluation entail?

A

determine/measure progress

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14
Q

What does PES stand for?

A

Problem (w/ proper diagnostic term), Etiology (root cause/risk factors), signs and symptoms
- single structured sentence

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15
Q

What measures can be obtained from anthropometry?

A

-health, development, growth in infants/children
- weight, stature, skinfold thickness, circumference, limb lengths, diameters and breadth
- BMI, waist hip ratio

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16
Q

How is anthropometry useful?

A

-used to evaluate nutritional status,
-valuable in monitoring effects of nutritional intervention for disease, trauma, surgery, malnutrition

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17
Q

What is the Frankfort horizontal plane?

A

-position of head where stature/height measured
- represented by line b/w lowest point of orbit of eye and the region

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18
Q

How is stature/height measured?

A

-with subject standing erectly
-used when subject can stand without help
-most children can stand on their own by 2 years old

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19
Q

How is (recumbent) length measured?

A

-measured with subject lying face up
-used when subject cannot stand on their own
- two people are required to measure

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20
Q

What is head circumference used for?

A

used to detect abnormalities in cranial growth and development (children)
- rapid increase in first year; slower after 3 years old

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21
Q

What is body weight used for?

A
  • one of most important measurements in nutritional assessment
  • used in equations predicting caloric expenditure & indices of body composition
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22
Q

Define non-ambulatory person

A

persons who cannot stand unassisted on a scale- weighed in bed/wheelchair scale

23
Q

What is an alternative way to compute body weight for non-ambulatory persons?

A

knee height, calf circumference, midarm circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness

24
Q

What are CDC growth charts used for? What is it based on?

A

assess growth and development of infants, children, adolescents
- based on growth data from large numbers of healthy “” “”

25
Q

What is an important advancement developed by CDC growth charts?

A

BMI for age growth charts

26
Q

How to plot data on growth chart?

A

1.locate subject’s age on x axis
2.locate subject’s length, weight, head circum. on y axis
3. Draw small circle on chart where lines of two values intersect

27
Q

What is considered the average/median value for specific population of interest?

A

the 50th percentile

28
Q

Define overweight

A

body weight in excess of some reference point
- reference point usually defined in terms of weight for height

29
Q

Define obesity

A

excess amount of body fat relative to lean body mass- expressed as % for adipose tissue
- BMI recommended clinical approach for evaluation height relative to height

30
Q

Define BMI, how is it calculated? What is it also known as?

A
  • body mass index; strong relationship to disease and mortality risk
  • weight in kg divided by height in meters squared
  • Quetelet’s index
31
Q

What are the cons of using BMI?

A
  • overestimates body fat in people who are very muscular/ have edema
  • underestimates body fat in those who have lost lean body mass such as elderly and frail
32
Q

What is considered underweight and healthy weight according to the BMI?

A

underweight: <18.5 kg/m2
healthy weight: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2

33
Q

What is considered overweight and obese according to the BMI?

A

overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2
obese: >= 30 kg/m2

34
Q

What does frame size measurement include?

A
  • biacromial breadth
  • bitrochanteric breadth
    -ratio of stature to wrist circumference
  • breadth of chest from chest x rays
  • knee and wrist breadth
  • elbow breadth
35
Q

What are the two classifications for body fat distribution?

A
  1. upper body, android, male type (disease risk increased in persons w/ android obesity)
  2. lower body, gynoid, female type
36
Q

What is the recommended approach for assessing total abdominal fat?

A

waist circumference, easy to perform in clinical setting

37
Q

What is body composition?

A

ratio of fat to fat-free mass and expressed as percentage of body fat

38
Q

What is the 2-compartment model?

A

body divided into fat mass and fat free mass (muscle, water, bone, and other tissues devoid of fat and lipid)

39
Q

What is the 4-compartment model?

A

human body composed of four chemical groups: water, protein, mineral, fat

40
Q

What are the different kinds of body composition methods?

A

skinfold measurements, underwatering weighing, air-displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis

41
Q

What is the most widely used method to estimate percent body fat in clinical settings?

A

skinfold measurements

42
Q

What are the advantages of using skinfold measurements?

A

equipment is inexpensive, portable, requires little space

43
Q

What is required for multiple site skinfold measurements?

A

estimating equations- developed by comparing variety of skinfold and other anthropometric measures with measurements of body density or body fat % to see which anthropometric measures fit best

44
Q

What is densitometry? How is it expressed?

A

-assessing body composition by measuring density of entire body
- expressed as mass/unit volume

45
Q

How is density usually obtained?

A

-hydrostatic/ underwater weighing
- air displacement plethysmography
- DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry)

46
Q

What is the BOD POD? What are its advantages?

A

body comp. instrument- air displacement plethysmograph - highly accurate, safe, comfortable, fast results

47
Q

What is the PEA BOD?

A

air displacement plethysmography (ADP) using whole body densitometry; used for infants b/w 1-8 kg.

48
Q

What is bioelectrical impedance?

A

electrical current passes through fat-free mass body compartments with high amounts of electrolyte-rich water where resistance is lowest.

49
Q

What is required for bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to be successful?

A

must ensure that individual is in state of normal hydration

50
Q

What is DXA?

A

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
-measure body composition & bone mineral density
-convenient, quick, accurate, precise, safe, low radiation dose
- assess fat and fat free soft tissue

51
Q

Impedance to electric current is greatest in…?

A

fat tissue (14-22% water content)

52
Q

What are the strengths of DXA?

A

-non invasive
-easy, quick
-cheap, simple equipment
- intensive training not needed
-measurements can be compared to reference values by age and sex

53
Q

What are the weaknesses of DXA?

A
  • cannot identify deficiencies
    -can’t detect small changes in nutrition status/body fat to lean mass
    -single measurements cannot assess growth/ body composition to indicate nutrition status
54
Q

What is the fundamental principle of DXA?

A

measurement of the transmission of X rays through the body at high and low energies

FNN 201: Nutrition Through the Lifespan (5 decks)

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