Week 3: Nutrition During Pregnancy Flashcards
Define Fallopian tubes
narrow ducts leading from ovaries to uterus
define amniotic sac
membrane that surrounds fetus containing amniotic fluid
define placenta
organ produced during pregnancy from maternal and embryotic tissue
- secretes hormones, transfers oxygen and nutrients from
maternal to fetal blood, and removes waste
Define gestation
time between conception and birth,
approximately 40 weeks in humans
Define preterm/premature
infant born before 37 weeks of gestation
Define very low birth weight
less than 3.3lbs (1.5kg)
Define small- for- gestation- age
less than 5.5lbs (2.5kg)
What is the recommended weight gain for pregnancy for women with a normal weight/BMI
23-35lbs recommended total gain
What is the recommended weight gain for pregnancy for women who are underweight?
28-40lbs (13-18kg) recommended total gain
What is a woman’s pre-pregnancy weight a good predictor of?
her weight gain during pregnancy
higher than recommended weight gain is more common among women…?
- having their first baby
-women who are less educated - women within Aboriginal population
lower weight gain is observed in women…?
with normal or low pre-pregnancy body weight
Who should be physically active during pregnancy?
all women without contraindication should be physically active throughout pregnancy
What physical activity is recommended during pregnancy?
150 mins of moderate intensity p.a. each week- achieve clinically meaningful reductions in pregnancy complications
- being active everyday is recommended
- aerobic and resistance training
-pelvic floor muscle training
What are some safety considerations during exercise when pregnant?
-avoid exercise in humid/warm environments (especially in first trimester)
-avoid isometric exercises/straining while holding breath
- avoid exercises lying on your back past fourth month of preg.
-avoid activities that involve danger of falling/physical contact
-not good time to train for athletic competition
What are the uncomfortable side effects of physio change during pregnancy?
-edema
-morning sickness
-heart burn
-constipation/hemorrhoids
What are some complications of pregnancy?
- pregnancy induced hypertension (preeclampsia/eclampsia)
- gestational diabetes mellitus
What is a nutritional need during pregnancy?
Folic acid (400ug) -> prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) by 46%
- extra serving of milk
-additional lean meat (vit. B12, B6, iron, zinc)
-additional grains, veggies, fruits (folate, fiber, vit.C, protein)
What supplements are recommended during pregnancy?
-folic acid (before and during)
-iron (second and third trimester)
-multivitamin & mineral supplement (for ppl with limited food choices)
What foods should be eaten during pregnancy (generally)?
- dark green/orange veggies
- whole grains
-dairy/fortified alternatives
-protein foods
-cooked fished- low in mercury
How much food should be eaten during pregnancy (Generally)?
more kcals needed during second and third trimester
- add extra healthy snack/food to meal
What foods should be avoided during pregnancy?
-raw fish
-undercooked meat
-hot dogs/deli meats
-raw/lightly cooked eggs
-unpasteurized milk products/juices
-raw sprouts
-alcohol
Food safety very important
When did folate become mandatory in America?
1998 for folate fortified foods
What are maternal factors that increase pregnancy risks?
-malnutrition (decrease ability to conceive)
-prepreg. BMI <19.8 (anemia) or >26 (diabetes, c-section)
-phenylketonuria
-hypertension
-diabetes
