Week 4: Lactation and Nutritional Needs During Infancy Flashcards
Define Lactation
synthesis of milk components including protein, lactose and lipids, movement through milk duct to nipple
Define colostrum
immature milk, secreted in late pregnancy and up to a week after birth; rich in protein and immune factors
Define let- down
release of milk from glands through ducts
Define oxytocin
let down of milk is triggered by this hormone
What does sucking (breastfeeding) signal?
the hypothalamus-> signals release of prolactin (milk production) and oxytocin
How does milk travel during lactation?
milk travels from milk producing glands through ducts to milk storage sinuses then to nipple
What are the maternal nutrient needs during lactation?
- nutritional needs higher than during pregnancy
- need about an extra liter of fluid/day
How do you estimate EER for lactation?
TEE of nonlactating women + energy in milk ; by energy supplied by maternal fat stores
How many calories does human milk contain per cup (250 mL)?
160 kcals
How many calories does human milk contain per cup (250 mL)?
160 kcals
What is the energy needs for newborns (0-6 months)?
about 100 kcal/kg/day
What is the protein needs for newborns?
9.1g/day (1.52/kg/day)
What is the carbohydrate needs for newborns?
at least 60g/day
40% of energy intake (based on composition of human milk)
What is the fat needs for newborns?
50% of energy (based on composition of human milk)
What is the linoleic acid needs of infants?
4.4g/day (omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids)
What is the a-linolenic acid needs for infants?
0.5 g/day ( omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid)
What are fluid needs of infants?
0.7 L
What is the recommended amount of vitamin D for infants by the Canadian Pediatric Society?
10 micrograms/day during first year
( north of 55th parallel)- increase to 20 micrograms/day October to April (lack of sun)
Why are vitamin D supplements required for breast fed babies?
breast milk contain little vitamin D
(vitamin D is added to formula to meet needs)
What is the kcal distribution infants obtain from human milk?
40% carbs
54% fat (a lot more compared to adults)
6% protein
What are the ten reasons for breastfeeding?
1.Nutrients and protection
2. brain power
3. convenient and portable
4. size of breast doesn’t matter
5. benefits mothers too
6. continues special relationship
7. benefits past 6 months
8. easy on budget
9. works for working mothers
10. eco friendly
What does Health Canada recommend for breastfeeding?
-that all babies be fed only breast milk during first 6 months of life
- infant formula and solid food should not be introduced until after 6 months
What contributes to prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Canada?
- having a partner (marital status)
- private home (setting of baby’s birth)
- no smoking (during pregnancy)
- not working ( mom employment status)
Why is bottle position important when feeding infants?
allows formula to be swallowed easily and prevents air from being swallowed
