week 5: neurological assessment review Flashcards
AVPU consciousness assessment
A - ___
V - ___ ___ ___
P - ___ ___ ___
U - ___
alert, responds to voice, response to pain, unresponsive
label the GCS
label the GCS
label the GCS
recognise stroke - think F.A.S.T label: F - A - S - T-
& what you are looking for
what is the acronym for recognising a stroke
what does the GCS assess: level of ___
consciousness
the normal difference between pupils is up to ___
1mm
dilated pupils could result from:
A - ___
A - ___
D - ___ ___
S - ___ ___
alcohol
atropine
recreational drugs
extreme stress
constricted pupils could result from:
O - ___ ___
C - ___ ___ ___ ___
D - ___ ___ ___ ___
opiod overdose
lower brain stem compression
damage to the PONS
hypotension ___ occurs except as a ___ ___
rarely, terminal, event
hypertension ___ occurs with and ___ ___
commonly, intracranial injury
dysrhythmias occurs as a result of ___ in ___ ___
intracranial pressure
tachypnoea is ___ ___ that are ___ in pattern
rapid respiration, irregular
temperature - ___ to ___
alterations, thermoregulation
nociceptive pain is usually ___
acute
cutaneous pain is ___ pain
superficial
somatic pain is ___ pain
deep
visceral pain is ___ ___ pain
poorly localised
nociceptive pain is transmitted after ___ processing of ___ stimuli
normal, noxious
cutaneous pain originates from ___ in the ___ or ___ tissue
nerves, skin, subcutaneous
somatic pain originates from: T - \_\_\_ L - \_\_\_ N - \_\_\_ B - \_\_\_ B - \_\_\_ \_\_\_
tendons, ligaments, nerves, bones, blood vessels
visceral pain arises from ___ ___ in the:
T - ___
C - ___
A - ___
thorax, cranium, abdomen
acute pain has:
___ onset
___ duration (___ to ___)
intensity is ___ to ___
a ___ response to ___ stimuli and ___ injury
sudden
short (days to weeks)
mild to severe
normal, noxious, tissue
acute pain could be from:
I - ___ ___
B - ___
F - ___
surgical incisions
burns
fractures
chronic pain is:
___ ___ pain
it can be ___ to ___
it lasts for a period of ___ to ___ ___
lasts long after the pathology is ___ and there is ___ stimuli
can cause ___-___ ___ consequences
constant daily
mild to severe
3 to 6 months
resolved, no
long-lasting psychological
examples of chronic pain are:
P - ___ ___ pain
R - ___ ___
S - ___
phantom limb
rheumatoid arthritis
stroke
the 4 fundamental processes involved in nociception are (in this order)
T - ___
T - ___
P - ___
M - ___
transduction
transmission
perception
modulation
transduction is the ___ of noxious stimuli in ___ nerves to ___
changing, sensory, energy
transmission is the ___ of the impulse from the site of ___ to the ___
movement, origin, brain
perception is d___ c___ a___ of the pain
developing conscious awareness
modulation is the ___ of pain impulse ___ & ___
inhibition, transmission & awareness
processes involved in nociception
cutaneous nerve transmission travels through a ___ ___
the impulse travels to the ___ at a rate of ___
reflex arc
brain, 90m/s
pain is a ___ experience
subjective
the ___ of tissue damage s not necessarily ___ to the ___ of pain experience
extent, proportional, extent
addiction is ___ ___ when analgesics are carefully administered and closely monitored
very unlikely
opioid analgesia is ___ ___ ___ for children than adults
no more dangerous
a child’s pain expression is ___ ___ ___ as an adult
not the same
___ pain experiences as a child alters a persons ___ to ___ in ___
negative, response to pain in adulthood
Pain assessment (bottom up) P - elicit \_\_\_ \_\_\_-\_\_\_ of pain \_\_\_ C - assess for potential \_\_\_ of pain O - \_\_\_ patient for pain related \_\_\_ R - elicit \_\_\_ \_\_\_ of pain A - \_\_\_
patient, self-report, experience causes observe, behaviours surrogate reporting analgesia
pain assessment mnemonics
pain assessment mnemonics
Pain Assessment mneumonics
Q (2)
R (2)
T (2)
ABCDE pain assessment mneumonic
A - ___ about pain regularly; ___ pain systematically
B - ___ the patient & family in their reports of pain
C - ___ pain control options appropriate for the patient, family & setting
D - ___ interventions in a timely, logical, and coordinated fashion
E - ___ patients & their families
physiological indicators
physiological indicators
behaviour responses to pain
