Week 5 Multiculturalism and Bilingualism Flashcards
Cultural Competence
A dynamic and complex process requiring ongoing self-assessment, continuous cultural education, openness to others values and beliefs, and willingness to share one’s own values and beliefs.
What does a culturally competent SLP recognize?
That their beliefs and values will differ from their culturally and linguistically diverse clients.
Cultural Responsiveness
Involves understanding and appropriately including and responding to the combination of cultural variables and dimensions of diversity that an individual brings to an interaction.
CLD
Cultural and Linguistically Diverse. Individuals who speak english as a second or third language and who were not born in the US.
LEP or DLL
Limited English Proficiency/ Dual Language Learner
Refers to a person who is not fluent in the english language, often because it’s not their native language.
How might a CLD individual be misdiagnosed or mistreated?
-Might be diagnosed as having a communication/language disorder when they have a language difference.
-Might be denied services due to their cultural/linguistic backgrounds.
What are ways that cultures can differ?
-Materialism vs. Spirituality
-Focus on nuclear family vs. Focus on extended family
-Future orientated vs. Past oriented
-Change/progress highly valued vs. Tradition/ maintaining sameness valued.
Language difference vs. Language Disorder
Difference: Individuals who present skills differently that mainstream “typical” abilities, due to exposure to different languages, cultures and backgrounds. Represents diverse exposure not a deficit.
Disorder: skill is not at the expected level and is negatively impacting a person’s life.
Linguistic Variables
Code Switching
Dialect
Accent
Errors of Transfer (features of transfer)
Code switching
Using different linguistic styles for different situation. (communicate differently at home vs. at work)
Dialect
A regional variety of language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation from other regional varieties coming together within a single language.
ex: African American Vernacular is a dialect.
Accent
A way of speaking that is typical of a particular group of people and especially of the natives or residents of a region.
Errors of transfer (Features of transfer)
Errors of the second language cause by the influence of the first language; may emerge with grammar/syntax.
What does the code of ethics from ASHA have to do with providing appropriate services for our clients?
Clinicians have the obligation to seek the information and expertise required to provide culturally responsive services and are asked to carefully consider the basis for determining their need to refer and/or deny services.
What are the five components of the continuum of cultural competence?
Cultural Deconstructiveness
Cultural Incapacity
Cultural Blindness
Cultural Pre-competence
Advanced Cultural Competence
Cultural destructiveness
level 1 on the Continuum of Cultural Competence. Policies, practices and attitudes are detrimental to others cultures and/or individuals within the culture. Actively working to harm a culture or group.
Cultural Incapacity
Level 2 on the continuum of cultural competence.
Agencies or individuals do not have the abilities to help people in need. Useless bystanders.
Cultural Blindness
Level 3 on the continuum of cultural competence.
Ignoring all cultural differences. Thinking culture/beliefs make no difference and we are all the same.
Cultural Pre-competence
Level 4 on the continuum of cultural competence.
Cultural differences are accepted and respected. Individuals incorporate many ongoing self-assessment of their own cultural biases.
Advanced Cultural Competence
Individual/agency holds culture in high esteem and works to contribute knowledge about culturally competent practices. Actively working to uplift different cultural groups.
What do we need to keep in mind about multicultural assessments?
-Research the culture
-Find a cultural liaison or interpreter
-Obtain history via ethnographic interviewing
-Consider dynamic assessment rather than standardized testing.
-Make accommodations and modifications.
What is an RTI approach?
Response to intervention approach. RTI plans are structures plans to work on a specific skill for 6-8 weeks. If they make progress then they might not need a full IEP plan.
What is an ethnographic interview?
A dynamic interview/discussion that helps us understand an individual’s perspective, experiences and ideas. Gives us an idea on what is influencing and individual’s belief system, values and culture.
What is a dynamic assessment and why is it helpful?
Dynamic assessment: During assessment process the SLP will identify an area of need and will teach the student in the therapy sessions. Then they will reasses. Test->teach->re-test.
It helpful because often time speech/articulation standardized test are only made for monolingual students.
Will exposing a child to more than one language cause problems for them?
No, bilingualism does not cause speech delays. there are different expectation for bilingual vs. monolingual children.
Should a bilingual child who IS language delayed only use one language?
No they should continue to use both languages. Their general concepts of language will be strengthened by using both languages.
For a TYPICALLY developing bilingual child, what is expected for receptive and expressive language skills?
May go through a period of slow or stopped expressive skills, but they will have normal to above normal receptive language abilities and vocabulary knowledge.
Should parents just stick to using the stronger language in the home?
Yes because the stronger the L1 foundation is, the more easily L2 can be acquired.
Older students with a strong L1 foundation will perform well in academics .
What is a common underlying proficiency?
The Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model of bilingual proficiency: all language are contained together in the same part of the brain. Building up one language will positively affect the development of the other language.
Compared to the old model (SUP): Separate Underlying Proficiency.
If there is a language disorder will it exist in only one language or both?
A language disorder will exist in both languages.
Is testing in only one language appropriate.
Its best to test in both language when possible.
-Never appropriate to translate an English speech and language assessment/evaluation tool to another language.
Instead of relying of standardized tests, how else can we collect infromatio?
Dynamic Assessments
Observation of a student i a variety of environments
Parent/family interview
How do we know when to test a bilingual or multilingual child?
-If there is a high level of parent concern
-If there is a high level of teacher concern.
-low academic progress
-If RECEPTIVE language skills are reported to be a concern.
What are the downsides to using family member for interpreters during assessment?
They might accidentally help the student or skew questions or responses so they seem correct.
What are the options and best practices with using interpreters.
- Trained interpreter- interprets exactly what was said, but costs money.
- Staff member who speaks the language.
- Community members (ex. cultural center)- Will need to be trained on specific vocab that might be used.
- Family member (not ideal)
What language should we use for treatment of bilingual children?
For children it is best to treat in their dominant language.
What language should we use for treatment of bilingual adults?
For adults there are benefits to treating in both language.
Can a bilingual SLP with speech differences still help people?
Yes, you can still service a variety of differents population effectively even with speech differences.
