Week 5: Microbiology P.II Flashcards
first line of defense that we are born with
innate system
immune system that develops throughout life, immunological memory
adaptive system
nonspecific immune system
innate system
antigen-specific system
adaptive system
function of the immune system
- defends host
- recognizes invaders and responds by sending cells to site and producing biochemical substances
HIV/AIDS destroy
CD4 cells
WBC that phagocytize, short-lived, 1st line of defense, hallmark of acute inflammation
PMNs (neutrophils)
leukocyte that is a large phagocyte, slower at responding, long-lived, in chronic inflammation, t-cells
monocytes/macrophages
two types of lymphocytes
b-lymphocytes
t-lymphocytes
b-lymphocyte function
make antibodies
t-lymphocyte function
intensifies response of others, produce cytokines (interleukins)
two types of b-lymphocytes
plasma B-cells, memory B-cells
classes of immunoglobulins
IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, IgE
antibodies are _____ and have these 3 functions
Y-shaped
- neutralize bacteria/toxins
- coat bacteria
- activate complement system
complement system
- destroy pathogens via membrane attack
- opsonization of pathogens
- recruitment of phagocytes
- immune clearance
timeline of events in inflammation
inflammatory response, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, exaggerate host inflammatory response
even healthy gingival CT contains at least ___________
some inflammatory cells (neutrophils)
cytokines are ____ that are ____ or ____
proteins, pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory
inflammatory mediators released by leukocytes
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, PGE-2, MMP enzymes, prostaglandins
when does acute inflammation turn to chronic inflammation?
2 weeks
functions of IL-1
- stimulates osteoclast activity
- induces breakdown of collagen matrix
functions of IL-6
- stimulates osteoclast activity
- inhibit bone formation
functions of IL-8
- stimulates osteoclast activity
- stimulates CT destruction
PGE initiates _____
most of alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis
main sources of PGE
macrophages, fibroblasts
_____ and ____ are major sources in periodontitis
PMNs, gingival fibroblasts
function of MMP enzyme in health
facilitate turnover
function of MMP enzymes in disease
overproduction results in collagen/connective tissue
breakdown
pro-inflammatory mediators
IL-1B TNFa IFN PGE2 MMPs
anti-inflammatory mediators
IL1ra, IL-10, TGFb, TMIPs
