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Periodontology > Week 1: History and Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Week 1: History and Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

gingivitis is limited to destruction in _____ surrounding the teeth

A

tissue (not bone!)

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2
Q

periodontal disease includes ____ destruction and ___ loss

A

tissue, bone

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3
Q

true/false, periodontal disease is a recent discovery

A

false, it is not a decent discovery

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4
Q

in ____ BC medical texts mention teeth cleaning procedures, first dental textbook by assyro-bablonians

A

3000 BC

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5
Q

historical background: ___ and ____ described periodontal disease as inflammatory conditions

A

Egyptians and Chinese

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6
Q

_____ described the first tooth scraper in ___-__ BC

A

Aristotle, 394-322 BC

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7
Q

___ discussed the etiology and pathogenesis when “gums were bleeding or rotten” around ___-___ BC

A

Hippocrates; 460-377 BC

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8
Q

who used hot irons to extract teeth?

A

Romans

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9
Q

wrote De Medicina (which discussed how to stabilize loose teeth and oral hygiene) around ___ BC to ___ AD

A

Aulus Cornelius Celsus; 25BC - 50AD

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10
Q

father of surgery, developed periodontal instruments

A

Albucasis ~900-1000 CE

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11
Q

who is the father of modern dentistry?

A

Pierre Fauchard

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12
Q

historical names for periodontal disease

A

Rigg’s disease, pyorrhea

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13
Q

earliest periodontal disease studies occurred when? what did it focus on?

A

early 1900s, focused on prevalence

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14
Q

first dental hygiene unit in the NIH was created when?

A

1931

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15
Q

when were periodontal probes created?

A

1948-1958

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16
Q

when were powered scalers created?

A

1960s

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17
Q

which came first, the subgingival or supra-gingival polisher?

A

supra-gingival came first

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18
Q

periodontal disease can vary in the following 3 ways…

A
  • one patient to another
  • one site to another
  • one type of periodontal disease to another
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19
Q

theory that states…

  • PD impacts whole mouth
  • all cases of gingivitis progress
  • all PD cases progress at a slow and steady rate
A

continuous progression theory

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20
Q

theory that states…

  • plaque not the sole cause
  • disease activity is episodic
  • gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis
A

intermittent progression theory

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21
Q

when was the intermittent progression theory introduced/accepted?

A

~1980s

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22
Q 
theory that states that factors from...
-bacteria
-host
-local factors
-genetics
...all play a role, and each person responds differently
A

multifactorial model

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23
Q

when was the multifactorial theory introduced/accepted?

A

~1990s

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24
Q

early 2000s model of periodontal disease addresses these 4 factors

A

heredity
habits
social atmosphere
periodontal pathogens

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25
Q

newer model of periodontal disease

A

polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD)

26
Q

keystone pathogen

A

P. gingivalis

27
Q

accessory pathogen

A

S. mitis

28
Q

P. gingivalis and S. mitis can tip body into homeostasis, true or false?

A

false, it tips them out

29
Q

the study of health and disease within a population and includes behavioral, environment, and genetic risk factors that influence health/disease

A

epidemiology

30
Q

3 goals of epidemiological research

A
  • determine amount and distribution of disease
  • investigate causes of disease
  • apply knowledge for control/prevention
31
Q

the number of new cases within a population

A

incidence

32
Q

total amount of all cases, new AND old

A

prevalence

33
Q

difference between the incidence and prevalence

A

incidence = new ONLY, prevalence = new + old

34
Q

an event or characteristic associated with disease

A

risk factors

35
Q

examples of risk factors

A

diet, stress, tobacco, hygiene

36
Q

examples of demographic risk factors

A

age, biological sex, race, socio-economic (SES), barriers to care

37
Q

chronic inflammation in the periodontium can cause other diseases, such as…

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cancer
  • neurological conditions
  • diabetes
38
Q

true or false, periodontal disease is chronic inflammation

A

true

39
Q

a process by which treatment methods are tested for efficacy

A

scientific method

40
Q

evidence-based dentistry includes

A
  • dentist’s experience
  • patient needs/preferences
  • scientific evidence
41
Q

two broad types of study designs

A

observational, experimental

42
Q

types of experimental studies

A

randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials

43
Q

types of observational studies

A

cohort studies, case-control studies, cross sectional studies, ecological studies

44
Q

sulcus measurements in healthy periodontium

A

1-3mm

45
Q

healthy periodontium: junctional epithelium is ___ attached and slightly ___ to the CEJ

A

firmly, coronal

46
Q

is gingivitis reversible?

A

yes, it is reversible

47
Q

is periodontitis reversible?

A

no, it is not reversible (d/t bone loss and ligament attachment loss)

48
Q

sulcus measurements increase due to ________ not due to _______ ___

A

inflammation/swelling, attachment loss

49
Q

gingivitis with classic inflammation markers (redness, inflammation, etc.)

A

acute gingivitis

50
Q

gingivitis with fibrotic, loss of severe redness

A

chronic gingivitis

51
Q

periodontitis: attachment ____ to the CEJ

A

apical

52
Q

which is more severe, blunted or cratered papillae?

A

cratered

53
Q

prevalence of gingivitis in…
children =
males 18-64 =
females 18-64 =

A

40-60%, 47%, 39%

54
Q

are males or females more likely to have periodontitis?

A

males

55
Q

prevalence of periodontal disease _____ with age

A

increases

56
Q

__% of people 65 and over are edentulous

A

30%

57
Q

no calculus feels ___ by the explorer

A

smooth

58
Q

calculus spicules feel like ____ ____ by the explorer

A

various bumps

59
Q

calculus ledges feel like a…

A

speedbump

60
Q

overhanging restorations feel like a…

A

step up

61
Q

deficient margins in restorations feel like a…

A

step down

62
Q

caries lesion/decay feels like…

A

pothole

Periodontology (9 decks)

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