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Periodontology > Week 4: Microbiology & Immunology > Flashcards

Week 4: Microbiology & Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

non-pathogenic bacteria that live in harmony with host

A

commensal, innocuous (“innocent”) bacteria

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2
Q

removal forces of bacteria

A

swallowing, mastication, blowing nose, wash-out effect by saliva, cilia motion

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3
Q

six major ecosystems

A
  1. intraoral hard surfaces (teeth, implants, etc.)
  2. subgingival tissue next to hard tissue
  3. oral mucosa surfaces
  4. tongue?
  5. throat?
  6. saliva
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4
Q

soft tissues are ___ sites

A

shedding

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5
Q

shedding sites are ___ biomass sites

A

low

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6
Q

teeth are ____ sites

A

non-shedding

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7
Q

non-shedding sites are ____ biomass sites

A

high biomass

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8
Q

T/F, edentulous persons are immune to bacterial infections

A

false, they are still susceptible

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9
Q

tongue is ____ for gram negative species

A

favorable

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10
Q

saliva is ___% water, protective in nature, and washes away ___ cells include ___ bacteria transmission

A

98%, shed, planktonic

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11
Q

free-floating bacteria in salvia suspension

A

planktonic

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12
Q

true or false? periodontal pocket provides accommodating environment for bacterial survival

A

true

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13
Q

thick, single celled wall

A

gram positive

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14
Q

bacteria that stains purple/blue

A

gram positive

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15
Q

double celled wall

A

gram negative

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16
Q

bacteria that stains red

A

gram negative

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17
Q

probiotic bacteria for colon cancer prevention

A

roseburia

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18
Q

bacteria found in fermented foods

A

bifidobacterium bifidum

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19
Q

bacteria found in fermented foods, helps prevent infections and disorders

A

lactobacillus acidophilus

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20
Q

is lactobacillus acidophilus gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram positive

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21
Q

is bifidobacterium bifidum gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram positive

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22
Q

is aggregatibacter actinomyectemcomitans (A. a) gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram negative

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23
Q

bacteria harmful in periodontitis prevention

A

aggregatibacter actinomyectemcomitans

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24
Q

which bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics?

A

gram positive (they do not block)

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25
Q

which bacteria have a higher peptidoglycan component?

A

gram positive

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26
Q

gram negative have a higher ___ content, making them less permeable

A

lipid

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27
Q

cell surface appendages that adhere cell-cell or cell-surface

A

fimbriae (pili)

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28
Q

cell surface appendages used for movement

A

flagella

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29
Q

gram positive

  • _______
  • break down complex organic compounds (____) to ____ ___ for energy/growth
A
  • fermentable

- sugar to lactic acid

30
Q

gram negative

  • ______
  • use ___ for energy/growth
A
  • nonfermentable

- proteins

31
Q

attached bacteria make up more than ___% of all bacteria

A

99%

32
Q

free-floating bacteria

A

planktonic bacteria

33
Q

a well-organized community of bacteria that…

  1. adheres to surfaces
  2. is embedded in an extracellular slime layer
A

biofilm

34
Q

biofilms exist everywhere in nature, on any solid surface that is exposed to _________

A

bacteria-containing fluid

35
Q

true/false, biofilm can accumulate on dentures, bridges, implants, etc.

A

true, they can!

36
Q

biofilms forms a ___, mushroom-shape microcolonies

A

sessile

37
Q

true/false, chemical signals exist to communication between bacterial microcolonies

A

true, they do

38
Q

bacteria communicate with each via…

A

quorum sensing

39
Q

process of plaque formation

A
  1. formation of pellicle
  2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria
  3. colonization/maturation
40
Q

salivary glycoproteins (mucins) adhered to tooth surface

A

acquired pellicle

41
Q

thin base of acquired pellicle = ____ to remove; thicker is ____ to remove

A

difficult, easier

42
Q

first bacteria to attach

A

streptococcus, actinomyces

43
Q

as bacteria shifts subgingival, bacteria becomes ___ ____

A

gram negative

44
Q

key WBCs

A

polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)

45
Q

is the extracellular slime layer aerobic or anaerobic?

A

both

46
Q

is the EC slime layer resistant or nonresistant to antibiotics/antimicrobials?

A

it is resistant, needs to be physically remove

47
Q

an increase of ____x concentration to kill bacteria in EC slime layer, which is ___

A

500-5,000x, unsafe

48
Q

t/f, the EC slime layer is responsive to the body’s defense system

A

false, it is not. EC slime layer needs to be physically removed

49
Q

functions of EC slime layer

A
  1. protects biofilm from host response
  2. protects form antibiotics
  3. protects anaerobic/aerobic bacteria
  4. holds bacterial colonies
50
Q

microcolony formation is _____ _____

A

secondary colonization

51
Q

bacteria become more static in the _______ state

A

mushroom-shaped

52
Q

corn cob appearance of plaque occurs at __ weeks

A

three

53
Q

floss, rinse, mouthwash cannot reach beyond __ mm pockets

A

4mm pockets

54
Q

3 zones of subgingival plaque

A
  1. tooth-attached plaque
  2. epithelial-attached plaque
  3. unattached plaque
55
Q

there are variations in _____ formation in growth due to ___, ___, ____, ____

A

variations; diet, smoking, salivary flow, oral hygiene

56
Q

variations in dentition such as ___, ____, ____

A

mandible, molars, interproximal

57
Q

timeline of periodontitis bacteria

A

increase in plaque, inflammation, increase in GCF, increase in plaque

58
Q

GCF stands for ______ and is a marker for ____-

A

gingival crevicular fluid; periodontitis

59
Q

bacterial virulence factors

A
  1. ability to invade tissues
  2. endotoxins
  3. bacterial enzymes
60
Q

two types of endotoxins

A

leukotoxins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

61
Q

component of cell walls of gram negative bacteria, released at cell death

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

62
Q

bacteria proportions associated with health

A

75-80% gram positive, most nonmotile, streptococcus mutans dominated

63
Q

bacteria proportions with gingivitis

A

50/50 gram positive and gram negative, more actinomyces-dominated

64
Q

bacteria associated with periodontitis

A

high proportion of gram-negative, non-motile

65
Q

4 types of periodontitis bacteria

A

A. a.; fusobacterium nucleatum; T. forsynthus; porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)

66
Q

bacteria associated with aggressive periodontitis, makes star shape on agar plate

A

actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)

67
Q

bacteria found in early stages of periodontitis, present subgingivally, capable of early inflammatory

A

fusobacterium nucleatum

68
Q

bacteria most important risk factors for aggressive periodontitis, found deep subgingival in deep periopockets

A

tannerella bacteroides

69
Q

bacteria associated with periodontitis, capable of destroying bone & entering junctional epithelium, can be found in aggressive and states of health

A

porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)

70
Q

key transmission of periodontal pathogens

A

kissing

Periodontology (9 decks)

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